IPSec Tunnel and transport Modes Essay

Computer networking security is one of the primary concerns of any network systems. In this case, protecting the data transferred between channels should be a primary concern for any entities that use networking. This article will discuss IPSec Tunnel and Transport Modes. IPsec is short for Internet Protocol Security. This is a special suite to secure the Internet protocol data transfers and communication by encrypting each packet of data stream. IPsec may also include protocols so that mutual authentication can be established between any agents during sessions of data transfers. One of the main reasons why IPsec is used is to protect the integrity of data that flows from one channel to another, say for example between a computer and a user or a computer to a server. What is IPSec transport mode? In this mode, only the payload or the data that the user transfers is encrypted for authentication (Technet Microsoft, 2005). The routing of data in this mode is intact so there is no modification possible. The transport schemes are always secured by a hash. Transport mode is commonly utilized for host-to-host transfers and communications. On the other hand, with the IPsec tunnel mode, the whole of the IP packet is encrypted and authenticated before communications happen (Technet Microsoft, 2005). It is encased into a newly generated IP packet with a new header. Usually, tunnel more is used to build a Virtual Private Network for such a network to network communications or host to network communications. The tunnel mode can be applied to any of the following: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2 (Technet Microsoft, 2005).

Future Research into Auditory Spatial Attention Essay

An interesting observation made in this research was that there was an overall faster response time rates when an informative cue was presented spatially. Several cues were used in the experiment, both uninformative and informative, both pure sound and speech. The cues were given in conjunction with spatial and non-spatial orientations. But given the various cues, it was found that the response rates were faster as compared to the rates recoded by Spence and Driver (1994). The scope of the current research was not intended to explore this possibility; hence no statistical analysis was able to be performed on the data obtained. But further investigation of the said effect should be considered. Generally each experiment was analyzed individually with not all subjects completing the three experiments relating to this observed effect (experiments 3, 4 & 5). Furthermore, the subjects that had completed these three experiments did so in the same order, therefore opening up the possibility that the faster response times observed in experiment 5 may be due to practice effects. Despite these concerns, further investigation into the possible existence of this effect could be vital in a practical sense with relation to the design of auditory attention grabbing stimuli. The use of auditory stimuli as attention grabbing devices for use in reducing operator response times to critical stimuli can be designed in such a way that the combination of both auditory and visual information can be helpful in reducing operator workload. A number of studies have demonstrated that the addition of auditory information to an already attentionally overloaded visual workspace does not add to the overall workload. Recently Duncan, Martens & Ward (1997) found evidence of restricted attentional capacity within but not between sensory modalities. They presented streams of visual and/or auditory inputs, containing occasional targets to be identified and recalled. For two visual or two auditory streams they found that the identification of one target produce a sustained reduction in the ability to identify a second target. In contrast, when the streams were from both modalities, there was no such reduction in the identification of the second target. The results suggest a modality-specific restriction to concurrent attention and awareness. Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan & Oldfield (1998) found that with the use of spatially informative auditory information, visual search times were reduced. They used a spatial localisation task in which the search for a visual target was aided by either a visual arrow or an auditory cue. They found that both the visual and auditory cues aided in significantly reducing the search time when compared to an unaided search. With evidence suggesting that attentional capacity is modality-specific (Duncan, Martens & Ward, 1997) and that auditory cues can help with a visual spatial localisation task (Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan & Oldfield, 1998), the nature of the links between auditory and visual streams in spatial attention is of great importance. Moreover, a study by Spence and Driver (1996, 1997) had a subject stare at a fixed point at the center of a screen where lights were placed on the four corners of the screen. At the back of each light was a speaker, the task of the subject was to discriminate whether light or sound came from the upper and lower corners of the screen. They found that when a non-predictive visual cue was presented on one side an auditory target on the same location was processed faster and more accurately. In summary, our results indicate support for the claims of Spence and Driver and at the same time established the usefulness of using virtual 3-dimensional sound to measure auditory attention. Spatial advantage was found for non-informative cued areas in experiment 1 and 2 but for the shortest SOA of 200ms only which was also found by Spence and Driver in their experiments. Furthermore, spatial advantage was also found for informative cued areas for experiment 3, 4 and 5 wherein significant response time advantage was found in all SOA conditions (200ms, 500ms & 1100ms) for experiment 3 and 5 while the results obtained for experiment 4 found a significant response time advantage for valid cues only at the middle SOA condition (500ms). In experiment 3 response time advantage was found at all SOA levels for valid cues, while in experiment four wherein spatial informative cues were removed, response tine advantage for valid cues were only for the middle SOA conditions (500ms) and the introduction of spatially informative speech cues in experiment 5 found higher response time for all valid cues for all SOA levels.

Reparation law and evidence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Reparation law and evidence - Coursework Example Broad Legal Context The law of tort revolves around the need for people to be responsible for their actions and ensure that their actions do not affect people negatively. The law of tort is steeped in the concept of good neighbourliness which requires people to be more careful about the implications of their actions to other people in the wider society1. There are five main components of the law of tort which gives rise to a tort and are important in determining the outcome of civil proceedings to tort cases2: 1. Recoverable loss: There must be some damage, injury or loss that can be valued and recovered. 2. Duty of care: The aggrieved party must have had some duty of care from the accused person. 3. Breach of Duty: The duty of care must be disregarded 4. Loss or Damage: The disregard of the duty of care and the loss must have led to some degree of loss or damage. 5. Foreseeability of the Loss: The loss should have been known or anticipated by a reasonable person. This report would t herefore analyse all the different components of the study and this would lead to different assessments of the obligations, rights and their limits in terms of the relevant actions or inactions. ISH-BETH In terms of ISH-BETH, there are two areas in the Law of Tort that created issues in this case which are worth discussing. The issues are: 1. Whether the repair of the office heating system was done in the right way and manner to avoid a tort action by Susan and Mark or not. 2. The position of the loss of files caused by the accident and whether K2MS is responsible for liabilities for losing the file or not. In analysing the issues, it appears that ISH-BETH has a direct duty of care towards employing the two men who were fixing the air conditioners. Hence, they have an obligation towards them and their actions. In terms of the files, it appears that K2MS had a direct obligation towards ISH-BETH. And Susan's actions created a vicarious liability for K2MS. . It can therefore be inferre d that the contract of delivering the project to ISH-BETH is the fundamental obligation of K2Management and not Susan3. Due to that, we will treat it under the aegis of K2Management and not under Susan's obligations since she is an employee and has no direct contract with ISH-BETH Rules Relating to the Slippery Floor The rules of Donoghue V Stevenson4 spell out the universal rules for dealing with tort and this indicates that the impact of a person's actions have an effect on his neighbours and due to this, there is the need for a duty of care to be placed on on persons to promote responsible behaviour. This means that there is the need for some standard of care to be imposed where there is a foreseeable damage or injury. Failure to do so will mean that the affected person can bring an action for negligence on the part of the perpetrator. In a workplace, the employer has certain obligations which imposes an inherent duty of care on the employer who controls the premises. First of al l, the employer has a Common Law duty to ensure the safety of employees on his premises. The Health and Safety Act 1974 requires employers to meet some standard measures in the workplace to ensure that the the place is safe for all workers. The employee will have to balance the foreseeability of risk against the

Law Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law Questions - Essay Example Law Essay Questions The parties should have a high probability of the outcome of the mediation process before engaging a third party to listen to his or her views. The outcome of the mediation process may not vary much compared to litigation through the court system and even more the procedure is conducted in a friendly environment (Thompson & Gordon, 2014, p. 134). However, the mediation process could result to additional expense in some cases and possibility of delay in case the parties fail to arrive at an agreement. In the case of Halsey v Milton Keynes [19], the court provided direction ADR is beneficial to the disputing parties because it helps them reach consensus at greater efficiency and cost effectively. Cost efficiency is achieved where the mediation process is carried out through Family Mediation Service or court system because most of the costs are borne by the state. Furthermore, even in a situation where mediation is provided by private mediators the cost is shared by the parties concerned. Therefore, ADR is can be cost effective dispute resolution mechanism though this will be only applicable in cases where there is a successful settlement of the issues between the parties involved. The conflicting parties are sometimes involved in the mediation process thus giving them some control of the process. The time when issues can be settled, and the privacy of the matters discussed between mediators and the conflicting parties are of great significance to the parties.

L2 development of Mohammed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

L2 development of Mohammed - Essay Example Context Mohammed is an Arabic ten-year old boy who immigrated to Australia from Iraq as a refugee one year ago. Mohammed received EFL instruction two hours a week in Iraq. He is familiar with some basic English vocabulary, grammar, and writing. In Australia, Mohammed attends the local primary school and Arabic classes on Saturday. He lives in Sydney's western suburbs with his parents and two older sisters. He is an average student who enjoys normal activities that boys his age enjoy such as videos, computer games and soccer. His parents completed year twelve schooling in Iraq and they highly value education and believe it is the way to success. L1 and L2 Mohammed's L1 is Arabic and it is quite different from the English language. The learner is familiar with basic English vocabulary, grammar, and writing which he learned in his EFL classes in Iraq. The relationship between the learner’s L1 and L2 can be explored by focusing on the following aspects. Similarities and difference s Some researchers argue that if similarities between L1 and L2 exist, it will positively influence L2 development and that L1 serves as a cognitive resource in the learning of L2 (Swain & Lapkin 2005, cited in Forman 2010). For example, Schachter (1974) in his study of the use of relative clauses by four groups of students with different L1 backgrounds, Arabs, Persians, Japanese and Chinese, found that the Persian and the Arab learners used far more relative clauses than Japanese and Chinese learners did. Schachter explains that the Arabic and Persian learners already have such structures in their native languages whereas Japanese and Chinese learners are unfamiliar with these structures and tried to avoid using them. Other researchers, however, believe that differences between L1 and L2 negatively impact L2 development. Gass (1984) found that Spanish speakers were able to perform significantly better than Arabic speakers on a vocabulary test and this is due to the fact that the na ture of Spanish language is close to English while Arabic is quite different. These are only two instances of similarities and differences between Arabic and English that might facilitate or delay Mohammed’s L2 development. L1 and L2 cultures In learning a second language, the learners cannot be isolated from their first languages and from their own cultures. However, L1 and L2 cultures may have similarities or the learner might have some knowledge of the L2 culture. It is assumed that Mohammed has some knowledge of L2 culture through the EFL classes he attended. His interest in videos and computer games might which represent youth popular culture could be another way to become familiar with L2 culture. His desire to be part of youth popular culture in Australia would positively impact his L2 development. Psychological factors There are three main psychological aspects that influence the learner’s L2 development. Age Mohammed’s age, which is ten years old, is an important factor that should be considered in examining his L2 development. According to Patkowski (1980, cited in Lightbown & Spada, 2007, p.69), second language learners can definitely achieve full native-like mastery of L2 only if they began learning before the age of fifteen. D?rnyei (2009) also examines the effect of age on the development of L2 and argues that learning L2 at a younger age is better only if it occurs in naturalistic contexts in which rich interactions with a variety of native

Management information system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management information system - Assignment Example Membership level is categorised in three levels: red membership, green membership and white membership. This open space has free internet access, a coffee shop, among other things that make one comfortable while working. The mission statement of the company is to spread the impact. The impact here refers to betterment of life that comes by provision of good working environment. By ensuring quality services to customers and good payment to workers, the company spreads the impact. BPO’s has become and emerging trend and many organisations are adopting this kind of business stracture. As a result, it is important to understand the external environment and how it affects the business. This section will use Porter’s Five Force Model to evaluate opportunities and threats to iTech. It will look into threat of entry, threat of substitute, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and the extent of rivalry between iTech and other competitors. This is a new venture that most organisations are competing for. Initial cost of starting a BPO is high, however it has good returns. This makes this venture worth undertaking and many businesses with attempt to enter the market and offer competition. However, iTech has taken roots. It has been operation for the last 15 years. In addition to that, it is well experienced in the field. Therefore, if other firms find their way into the market, they will still have to work for a couple of years to gain enough experience for their influence to be felt. iTech has succeeded in dominating the market share. It has captured almost all suppliers and customers. This means that for new firms to succeed, it will take time to earn trust and confidence from loyal customers of iTech. Finally, as it has been stated above, iTech offers both BPO and open space services. With this differentiation of services, it gives community with types of services which a new entrant may not be in the position of

Law. Discussion of views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law. Discussion of views - Essay Example Difference between law and morality Laws are sets of rules that are adopted by societies for regulating behaviour and conducts of its members. The society can be an institution or a territorial set up such as nations. Morality is on the other hand defined by ethical values that are held by a society. It is based on cultural practices of set ups such as communities and institutions. Principles of law and morality therefore interact with some similarities and differences. One of the differences between law and morality is in their sources. Gardner explains that while morality originates from a collective responsibility of a society, law is a creation of an individual or a group of specific people. He argues that law is made on purpose and is therefore objective driven. As a result, law is viewed as a creation of necessity and predetermined intentions. This distinguishes law from morality that emanates from cultural practices that have been held and approved as acceptable by a given soc iety. It can therefore be identified that while law is a consequence of circumstances that establishes the aims of formulating the laws, morality is based on a person’s conscience within his immediate society (Gardner, n.d., 1-3). A boundary between law and morality is also drawn with respect to the content of the two. If the two were similar, then they would be regulating matters in the same approach. This is however not the case because the two are sometimes in conflict. Some legal issues are not moral. At the same time, there exist moral issues that are prohibited by law. There are for instance laws that allows for gay marriages and slavery. In the context of morality, gay marriage and slavery are unacceptable to human sanctity aspects. Similarly, the approach to implementation of law and morality are different. While law relies on the punitive consequences for disobedience for its enforcement, morality is adopted as a culture by its subjects and does not attract a punishm ent for disobedience (Wku, 2001, p. 1). Cane agrees with these opinions that morality is a concept that exist within a society and is to be identified with, while law is created by people and must be obeyed. An act can therefore be immoral and yet legal (Cane, 2002, p. 12, 13). Difference between criminal and civil law There are also a number of differences between criminal law and civil law. The differences range from their scope to procedures that are involved in litigation. While criminal law defines offenses against a society as a whole, civil law defines wrongs committed by an individual against another individual. A criminal wrong has a wider scope and has a potential of affecting the public at large. An example of a criminal wrong is public nuisance such as emission of a poisonous air pollutant in to the atmosphere. This has a potential of affecting every individual who is within the pollutant’s vicinity. A wrong under civil law on the other hand affect a specific pers on. Private nuisance such as throwing objects into a person’s piece of land causes damage to the specific landowner or specific peoples who have right over ownership or usage of the infringed piece of land. No individual person can therefore claim compensation in a criminal case (Overbeck and Belmas, 2011, p. 19; Elias, 2009, p. 51-54). Another difference between criminal law and civil law is with respect to parties to the subject case. While parties in a civil case are the plaintiff and the defendant, parties to a criminal case are the suspect or suspects and the state, represented by a prosecutor. The prosecutor, who may initiate the case or take it over from a private individual, presents a criminal case in court. Private individuals, the

Consumer Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Protection - Essay Example These are the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and Unfair Contract Terms Act. To make the situation clear, here is its short description. Duck visited the showroom of Swan and looked at a television set priced at 500. He asked Swan about the set. Swan replied: "It's a beautiful model, never used, a snip at 500." In fact some of the internal wiring was not properly connected and the set had been switched on and used as a display unit in Swan's showroom for three days prior to Duck's visit. In this situation, and according to the Trade Descriptions Act, Swan is subject to the criminal offence as the one who has provided his consumer with misleading information. According to the Act, the description to the consumer may be given verbally or in the written form, thus there is no possibility for Swan to be justified on the basis of the information having been given in the oral form. The Act makes the verbal statement, including misleading information, an offence and thus it is a criminal action. ... The Act includes the following types of descriptions into the trade descriptions category: quantity, gauge or size of the goods; manufacture method; composition; performance, strength and fitness for purpose, which means that the goods should be mechanically sound and unbreakable, etc. In the situation described, it is clear that the misleading information provided by Swan, is included into the paragraph relating to the performance, strength of the TV set, and the fact that it must be mechanically sound. Thus, knowing the problem of the TV set and the wrong connections inside it, Swan has intentionally committed an offence and is subject to the penalties according to the Trade Descriptions Act 1968. As far as it is known that the statement made is false, it is also supposed to be a criminal offence under the Act, and as Swan is not a simple employee but is supposed to be a manager, he can be sued and subjected to these penalties, however the Act presupposes that any person guilty of intentional or unintentional mislead bears responsibility under the law. The maximum penalty is equal to 5,000 per offence. This penalty is provided by the Magistrates' Court; as for the crown Court, the fine size is unlimited, while the person guilty of misleading the customer may acqu ire up to two years of imprisonment. It is possible that Swan may lose his consumer credit license, but according to the situation described it is supposed that he does not have this license, having an agreement with Chicken-Credit Ltd, which provides Swan's customers with hire-purchase credits in case they cannot afford buying the goods in cash. Thus, the action, performed by Swan in relation to Duck, is supposed to

Essay Questions - Texas Jurisdiction Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions - Texas Jurisdiction - Essay Example trust likewise contains no clause authorizing the bank to take possession of the mortgaged property, the only remedy afforded the bank in the Deed of Trust is the nonjudicial foreclosure it bargained for. Lighthouse Church Of Cloverleaf v. Texas Bank, 889 S.W.2d 595 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist] 1994). After the debt secured by a deed of trust has matured, by acceleration or otherwise, the mortgagee may, in accordance with  § 51.002 of the Property Code and the deed of trust, foreclose on real property by nonjudicial sale. This chapter discusses the foreclosure sale of real property in Texas—what it is, what its prerequisites are, and what its consequences may be. Repossession of real estate cannot be compared to repossession of personal property. Repossession of personal property is governed by Chapter 9 of the Texas Uniform Commercial Code. Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann.  §Ã‚ § 9.101 et seq. (Vernon 1991). Chapter 9 specifically creates the right to self-help repossession. Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann.  § 9.503 (Vernon 1991). Real estate is specifically excluded from the scope of that chapter. Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann.  § 9.104(10) (Vernon 1991). Thus, Chapter 9 does not give creditors a right to repossess real estate in the same way they repossess personal property. Lighthouse Church Of Cloverleaf v. Texas Bank, 889 S.W.2d 595 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist] 1994). Questions concerning title to real estate, the validity of conveyances, warranties, and foreclosures are determined by the law of the situs. Pellow v. Cade, 990 S.W.2d 307 (Tex.App.—Texarkana 1999), rehg overruled, (Mar. 19, 1999). A person must bring suit for the recovery of real property under a real property lien or the foreclosure of a real property lien, including a voluntary mechanics or materialmans lien, no later than four years after the day the cause of action accrues. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann.  § 16.035(a). Voluntary mechanics and materialmans liens on real estate, securing a note

Social Work -- Process Recording Analysis Paper Research

Social Work -- Process Recording Analysis - Research Paper Example SW recognized the fact that she was able to turn up amidst her tight schedule. Personally, I believe that this was necessary to convince her to open up and freely share her situation. I would feel remorseful for her but would encourage her that everything is ok and things will work out. SW did little encouragement after appreciation of her time. I would encourage her that the experts are doing their best to see her through the recovery process. In administering the interview I would also be directed by the fact that she was recently treated for mood disorder and was on the process of recovering. I would consider that she might not come to the meeting because of her previous condition and personal dedication to the therapy session provided by the DSS where she works. This would be justified because she needs of source of income and is trying hard to recover from her condition and get back to her children, therefore, in case she did not turn up, I was not going to blame her. Instead, I would encourage her to keep attending the therapy sessions since it would help her regain her life, job and children. She told SW that she has no problem meeting him and discussing about the therapy session. SW introduced himself as one of the therapy group members of the DSS. I believe this would get her attention and probably she would be freer to talk. I think this was meant to introduce SW as one of the members of DSS and, therefore, eliminate the image of a stranger that would jeopardize the interview. I believe also that SW took a position that would encourage feeling like having someone to share her fears, dreams and expectation. This may be the reason that SW referred to Mr. G, the group leader. I would personally consider this position taken by SW because, according to me, it was the best way to get Linda to divulge information. SW went further to elaborate that Mr. G directed him to find out about her group that is regarded as the most

Bargaining Essay Example for Free

Bargaining Essay It is often difficult to differentiate whether a particular subject is permissive, illegal or mandatory bargaining subject. The reason as to why this problem emanates is that the bargaining subjects in most cases collide with the rights of the management which often belong to the public employer as a matter of public policy or state law (Geel Imber, 2004). In another observation, it can be seen that the managerial rights and the bargaining rights are inextricably associated. There have been ways of defining different ways of collective bargaining in order to determine whether it is lawful to negotiate the inclusion of the subjects into the agreements of collective bargaining and whether it is lawful to lockout or strike to force proposal acceptance. These classifications of the bargaining subjects include mandatory, illegal and permissive subjects of bargaining. Mandatory bargaining subjects consist of any topic that is directly related to the hours, wages and other employment terms and conditions of the bargaining members (Riccucci, 2007). Some of the topics essential for the determination of employee working conditions and wage levels are also part of the mandatory bargaining subjects (Riccucci, 2007). Examples of negotiated mandatory subjects of bargaining include wage negotiatins such as shift differentials, incentives pay plans, commissions, paid holidays, overtime premiums, stock purchase plans and profit sharing. Work rules, grievances and disciplinary procedures, fringe benefits and work schedules are also negotiated mandatory subjects of bargaining (Riccucci, 2007). In mandatory subjects of bargaining, the two parties have to propose the same subject and it may be lawful to insist to a level of impasse that the mandatory subject of bargaining be part of the contract. It is also lawful to lockout or strike to obtain a mandatory bargaining subject. Illegal subjects of bargaining violate the specific Taft-Hartley provisions or other federal or state provisions (Riccucci, 2007). Illegal bargaining subjects include the hot cargo clauses which violate some sections of the US Constitution, the clauses that illegally discriminate on the basis of sex, race or some other unenviable classifications, the improper union shops or closed shops and the agreements conditioning full union membership representation (Geel, Imber, 2004). It is illegal to negotiate an illegal bargaining subjects and the consequent insisting on illegal subject negotiations. It is also considered illegal to have a lockout or strike to obtain illegal bargaining subject. The last type of collective bargaining subjects is the permissive subjects of bargaining where the subjects are neither illegal nor mandatory (Riccucci, 2007). Although there is a long list of possible subjects of bargaining under permissive category, there are a number of different categories that are commonly proposed or negotiated as permissive subjects. It happens that some bargaining subjects are grouped in the category of permissive since the represent negotiating efforts on behalf of the people not part of the unit of bargaining (Geel, Imber, 2004). Permissive bargaining subjects include pension benefits for individuals who have retired, bargaining unit expansion and the drug testing prior to employment. The classification of a subject as permissive subject means that either party may propose over permissive bargaining subject or in case any of the parties choose to have negotiations, any of the agreement that is reached is always enforceable (Geel, Imber, 2004). In general, collective bargaining subjects are important processes which start from a mere beginning when workers of any organization raise a majority vote in order to be represented (Riccucci, 2007). Although collective bargaining is important in answering the grievances of workers, some of the bargaining subjects are unlawful. Workers should therefore adhere to the classification of bargaining subject which respects the rule of law.

Researching Human Service Agencies Essay Example for Free

Researching Human Service Agencies Essay Researching Human Service Agencies Michelle Pacheco HSM/210 June 20, 2012 Morgan Gamble The Family Outreach, Inc. serves over 400 families and individuals that live within the 12 counties of Southwestern Montana by providing services to families and individuals with developmental disabilities or at risk of developmental disabilities. The client base is from birth to adulthood. The main goal for this program is to keep children and families together, to educate families on how to live together, and educate on the disability. The needs being met are for both children, adults with special needs, and families. The article states the needs being met include: â€Å"primarily educational we teach families and friends how to teach skills to children and adults with special needs. We teach families and individuals how to become advocates. We encourage the development of skills that move people towards greater independence and inclusion in their communities. Supportive based on a family’s or individual’s chosen goals and expressed needs we provide other support services and help families find appropriate services. We assist families and individuals in building their own resource and support systems. We help provide services that wrap around children and adults in their natural environments. † Parents, Lets Unite for Kids-PLUK- PLUK is a non-profit organization that serves children with special needs in the state of Montana for the purpose of information, support, training and assistance. It was founded by parents who felt strongly that parents of children with disabilities need to band together to give each other information and support. The two groups are focused on the same thing and that is assisting individuals and families that are dealing with developmental disabilities. The Family Outreach attempts to meet the human needs of not separating families. They try and keep the families together and for families and adults to be nurtured and loved. They attempt to give the basic needs to families and individuals with education, shelter, and assistance on how to live as a family unit while dealing with the disability. The PLUK is focused on assisting children and adults with disabilities at school, work, and in the community. Support for families so that they can nurture their children in the home. The differences observed between the two agencies are that the Family Outreach only serves parts of Montana, while the PLUK serves families all over the state of Montana. They both have the focus of being non-profit and assisting families through education and support. The PLUK is based on the needs of children with disabilities and the Family Outreach is based on children and adults with disabilities. The PLUK is more focused on outsourcing for assistance such as doctors and psychologists, etc. While the Family Outreach is more focused on keeping the services â€Å"in house† so to speak. They both want the best for families and individuals dealing with disabilities and assisting in any way to help the individual maintain a â€Å"normal† life. The Family Outreach started in 1977 with 64 families and has grown to assisting over 400 families and individuals. The PLUK is much larger and has over 30,000 families that receive assistance. There are no statistics on their website and no one was available to speak over the phone regarding statistics when I called either place. The challenges that may be preventing the agencies from meeting certain goals are funding (donations). The Family Outreach runs off of donations and government funding with certain programs. The PLUK is parents and community members that volunteer their time. If the Family Outreach were to lose funding or if people were to stop donating, they could lose the agency as a whole. Many of their clients are on Social Security and on Medicaid. If either one of those programs were to go away, the clients would turn more to the program for assistance and without the funding, grants, and donations the agencies receive they would have nowhere for their clients to turn. They would have to turn down many clients. Volunteers are another challenge. Many people do not want to volunteer their time and if the people that are volunteering stop, the clients would be affected the most. The PLUK serves over 30,000 families. Without the families, doctors, psychologist, and friends donating their time, there Sources for this Assignment: Parents, Lets Unite for Kids- PLUK. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. pluk. org Family Outreach Inc.. (2005). Retrieved from http://www. familyoutreach. org

Overview Of Skincare Industry India Marketing Essay

Overview Of Skincare Industry India Marketing Essay The preference of Indian consumers is changing from the merely functional products to the preferential products. The average annual spending of Indian consumers on cosmetics and toiletries in 2005 is just over US$3. The cosmetics and toiletries saw its value share rising from 27% in 1999 to 31% in 2005. This trend also continued after that with consistent increase in the share. The entry of many multinationals also fuelled the growth in the industry as foreign players focussed more on product innovation. It is seen that global companies after coming to India trying to explore the traditional skin care products in India. Indian consumers are increasingly looking to international personal care brands as lifestyle enhancement products which will create a sophisticated and upper class image. The total skin care market is estimated to be around Rs. 3,400 Cr. The total size of the Indian retail beauty and cosmetics market is currently estimated at $950 million.   The overall beauty and wellness market, which includes beauty services, is $2.68 billion.   The cosmetics market in India is growing twice as fast as that of the United States and European market. However, The skin care market is at a primary stage in India. The penetration level of this segment in India is around 20 per cent. The improvement of medical technology also fuels the growth of the market in India. Major companies active in this segment include Hindustan Lever; Godrej Soaps, Colgate-Palmolive, Marico, Dabur and Procter Gamble. The skin care market can be segregated into toners, cleansers, sunscreens, anti-wrinkle creams, dark circle removing creams, astringents, f acial creams, moisturizers, fairness creams, day and night-creams. The penetration level for both the urban and rural market is low. Many people still prefer to use traditional products to cure the skin More than 25% growth every year in the Skin Care Industry Facial skin care products have become an essential part of the beauty market Gradual Adoption of the western culture The chart below shows major players in the skin care industry and their respective market shares International Skin Care market The skin care industry worldwide is a 50 Billion Dollar plus business. Caring for the skin of people throughout the world is a popular business. It is a business where people are passionate about their work, because it matters. It matters to their families, to their communities, to their profession and the whole world. It is a business where unmet needs still abound and where people around the world are waiting for new and better solutions. The major product segments in the market are Face Care Products, Body Hand Care, and Depilatories, and, Sun Care Products. The sub product segments include Facial Moisturizers, Facial Cleansers, and Hand Body Lotions/Creams. At present there are about 889 companies in the international market including many key and niche players worldwide such as Amway Corp. Asian markets ( 2007 Euromonitor Report) Rank Country Skin Care Value per Capita Country %Growth 1 Japan 102 US $ Indonesia 26 2 Hong Kong 73 US $ China 16 3 Taiwan 58 US $ Vietnam 15 4 South Korea 57 US $ India 13 5 Singapore 41 US $ Singapore 10 6 Thailand 14 US $ Malaysia 10 7 Malaysia 10 US $ Thailand 9 8 Philippines 5 US $ Philipines 7 9 China 4 US $ Taiwan 5 10 Indonesia 1 US $ Hong Kong 4 11 Vietnam 1 US $ South Korea 4 12 India 1 US $ Japan 2 From the above table it is clear that, The people in India spent least amount of money on the skin care with respect to the other Asian countries, However India has shown a very rapid growth in the personal care segment with a growth of 13% and is ahead of 8 prominent Asian nations. That shows that India has a tremendous potential for growth. The chart mentioned below tells about the Per Capita Skin care product Consumption of the India in comparison to other Asian countries( The values are in US $). This There is a huge potential market for skin care products in India as compared to other Asian countries as Indian market is still to be explored. Percentage of Skin care products in total cosmetics products segments Skin Care: 16% approximately Hair Care: 16% approximately Bath and Shower products: 46% approximately Colour Cosmetics: 6% approximately Fragrances: 1% approximately Drivers of the Industry Growing worldwide wealth Changing consumer lifestyle Globalisation Celebrity endorsement increases consumers awareness and interest The total disposable income of the people in Asia is 21% of that of the world which is estimated to increase to a value of the 23%( Euro monitor Report) The major Skin Care Segments and their Drivers Strong Desire for the fair skin Drivers Asians beliefs White hides three ugly bits Fairer equals to upper class Stressful lifestyle Busy lifestyle resulting in less sleeping time Stress hormone sends the skins oil glands into overdrive Development and Outlook These beliefs and the strong desire for the skin whitening products led to the development of technology and evolution of new whitening products and formulations. The whitening creams are also produced for men. In recent years the fairness cream is combined with the anti-aging formulations which bring the satisfaction and feel good factor to the customer. Also with rise in work-stress and pollution people are more inclined to these products. Not only that, baby skin care products, sun protection products, bleach and facials also gained popularity among people. Anti Agers Drivers Growth in Aging Population Accelerated Aging Rising Pursuit of Agelessness Development and Outlook Target young consumers: Prevention better than cure Super-premium : From global to local brands Mass brands developments Cosmeceuticals : Collaboration between cosmetics and pharmaceutical company New technology and ingredient More regulated industry to ensure the safety of cosmeceuticals Facing strong competition from aesthetic beauty service industry Skin Care Applications Drivers Increased consumer knowledge on skin care application TV beauty programs educates consumers on different products benefits Technology advancement Skin care evolution thanks to technology and research Beauty web blogs to allow consumers to exchange ideas New Routine Cleansing Liquid Cleanser Lotion AC Essence Mask Emulsion Effector White Essence Cream Trends and development Usual Routine Cleanser Toner Moisturiser Development of more powerful products Consumers may outsource personal care and pay for spas and treatment India has the maximum growth in the resort/hotel spa( 107% growth annually in 2007) Natural and ethical products Drivers Massive awareness of health wellness Safety scares and recalls Consumers look for guarantee of authenticity Rising greensumerism Technology facilitate the development of more effective products Key Trends and Developments Edible, natural and herbal ingredients Environmentally friendly packaging New retail concepts Minerals and precious materials, including gold Packaging innovation: eco-friendly packaging Same consumer buying both high technology and natural products Emergence of at-home-make products Venture into other products, such as sun care Well-known designers and celebrities increase consumers knowledge on natural ethical products Men Skin Care Drivers Workplace: Pressure from competition in workplace led to the emergence of Metro sexual man Greater acceptance in developing nations Move to more advanced products Key trends and Development Stronger growth than skin care: In 2007, the Asian Skin Care Market has grown at a rate of 8%, where as the men skin care market has grown at a rate of 14%. Similarly projected growth in 2012 is 6%, whereas the growth of the men skin care segment is 8%. Moving away from 3 basic cleaning steps Macho-sexual vs metrosexual Increasing popularity of sportsmen Lower acceptance of mens colour cosmetics Main focus will still be skin care and other mens grooming products New technology Focusing on convenience Cosmetics surgery for men Getting popular in countries like Japan and South Korea Inhibitors of the Skin Care Industry Environmental Standards In 2003, Unilever, had been exposed by The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) and Friends of the Earth in an article in the Observer newspaper today for sourcing talc illegally quarried by an Indian mining company. The mining company has also listed US multinationals, Johnson Johnson, Revlon and Avon among its clients. The quarrying not only destroys tiger habitats but also devastates the forest and watersheds vital for the well being of local people. This is one of the examples of how the environmental protection standards can affect the business in skin care industry. Laws Regulations of the government Cosmetics directly affect peoples life. Hence, the regulations for the cosmetics match to that of the drugs considering the sensitivity of the skin care cosmetic products and their possible side effects. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 is there to impose standards on the cosmetics manufacturing industries. Government import export taxes and regulations for the foreign companies also affect the skin care market. High end customers prefer MNC skin care products. Stringent government regulations are certainly inhibitors of the development of the skin care market in India. Trends Opportunities in India Growth in the young population (RBI report): Changing demographics in India 2/3rd Population below age of 35 Favourable Consumption Pattern: The share of private consumption for personal care products increases consistently over the years( Economic Survey 2009) Increase in Urbanization in India: The skin care products are not in the basic need category. Hence, the urban people whose basic needs are fulfilled are more inclined to these products and are potential customers to buy the skin care products. Urban Population in Millions Urban Population as a percentage of total population 1971 109 19.9 1981 160 23.3 1991 218 25.7 2001 285 27.8 Porters five forces analysis of International Skin Care Industry The manufacturing of skin care products is currently dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century. The three largest skin care product companies in the world in terms of market share are Procter and Gamble, Loreal and Unilever. But they face stiff competition from the likes of Estee Lauder, Colgate Palmolive, Avon, Shisiedo, Johnson and Johnson, Beiersdorf. There are also a large number of local players within each market. In this analysis we will be analyzing the forces which affect the global skin care industry as a whole because many of the forces have similar effects across the world. Nature of Competition: The industry is a highly fragmented market, marked by the presence of a few companies with a global presence, which control a significantly larger share of the cosmetics market. The top 3 companies (LOreal, PG, and Estee Lauder) control around 35% of the share. The top 10 companies control nearly the 50% of the market. The rest of the market is distributed between small players who have a highly local presence. The industry is highly competitive due to the presence of a large no. of SMEs (France alone has over 850 firms with 10 employees or less). Another form of competition is from direct selling companies like Avon and Amway. The high end of the market is characterized by low volume, high product differentiation and large brand strength, which restricts the competition. While the low end market with limited differentiation allows opportunities for smaller companies to make their mark. Natural cosmetics in particular are rapidly gaining popularity and present an opportunity for SMEs and new entrants can compete against established giants. The industry is characterized by a high rate of product development and product obsolescence. Bargaining power of Buyers Due to the strong brand power of most of the large brands, buyer power of retailers and distributors is reduced as they must stock the most popular brands. But in operations where the retailers have a stronger position, markets where competition is intense, then buyer power increases. We can also analyze buyer power from the perspective of the end consumer because it is they who dictate the market trends. The customers do not always stick to one brand of makeup or perfume or any variant offered because the switching costs are very low. This means that buyer power is high and demand for favourable prices. Bargaining power of suppliers With global sales of nearly $300 billion in the cosmetic industry(2007 report), skin care products present one of the most complex global sourcing challenges. Much of the sourcing for the industry involves a fragile web of small, fragmented suppliers that must be linked together using a sophisticated and effective logistics technology. Suppliers are often small in scale compared to the largest manufacturers and consequently their power is reduced, but this countered by the fact that chemical producers gain revenues from a wide variety of sources, reducing their dependence on skin care product manufacturers. The trends seem to indicate similar conditions for the future. Overall, supplier power with respect to the cosmetic market is moderate. Threat of close substitutes: There are substitute products, but they are not fully developed in the Indian market as well as globally. There is a rise in popularity of the herbal and Ayurvedic products. People are more inclined to use skin care products that are made from natural herbs, rather than chemicals. Also some Ayurvedic medicines are believed to purify blood and bring good health to skin. The products made from chandan, haldi, rose water are used in villages to bring fairness in both girls and boys. These products are cheap and risk free. Hence , these products might act as substitutes to the skin care products produced by the companies. As the market of these herbal products is in the nascent stage, the threat from the substitute products is low. The same case is with the global skin care market. Threat from New Entrants Large firms generally have significant advantages over new entrants. Large firms scale economies allow them to compete more effectively on price, and invest in their own business; companies entering the market may find it difficult to compete. The brand strength of the major manufactures is considerable, which may negate much of the effect of low switching costs. New entrants may be able to start on a small scale, operating within a particular niche, such as make-up with anti-ageing components, for example, stressing natural ingredients. Hence, threat of new entrants is low. Barriers to Entry Product testing and research is both time-consuming and costly. New entrants also need to persuade stores to stock their products, and major retailers, aware of their importance in the distribution chain, may be unwilling to risk displacing existing brands for the sake of new ones. Substantial funds are needed to start up a business in this market, with capital required for investment in production, distribution, and also advertising which is crucial to success in the market. Hence, barrier to entry is high and needs high initial spending. Industry regulation: The companies are usually forced deal with strict regulations on issues like animal testing and environmental protection. Also cosmetic products have to face the highest level of scrutiny (almost the same level as pharmaceuticals) with regard to their safety levels. Strategy to be followed: They should try and target niche markets in the beginning and follow strategies like direct selling. Local penetration is required before moving for internationalization. Regulatory Landscape Current Indian cosmetic regulations are complex and there are multiple regulations under different regulatory bodies. There is a need to simplify the regulations and there is also a need to address the growing issue of spurious products and counterfeits. Indian cosmetic industry is mature and responsible enough to ensure safety quality of its products and the industry can take up joint responsibility with the Regulator for cosmetic regulations in India. European and ASEAN countries have adopted this model of self regulation successfully and the same is being suggested here in the Indian context. There is a negative list of ingredients which cant form a part of any cosmetic composition. There is also a restricted list of ingredients; such ingredients can be used only under specific concentration range in specific products and under specific conditions of pack declaration. In addition, there is a positive list of preservatives and UV filters thus restricting the choice of such ingredients and their concentrations. Cosmetic labeling is dictated by multiple regulations This includes Drug Cosmetics act, BIS packing norms and Standards of Weight Measures act. More recently, several amendments have been notified in the labeling clause of Drug and Cosmetic Act. Manufacturer is required to submit the relevant information pertaining to the formulation, raw materials used and their specifications, product quality specifications and safety data in support of the formulation. The information is reviewed by local (State) FDA and a cosmetic license is granted or otherwise. The clinical trial of the skin care products is also done to ensure safety for the consumers. Difference between Indian regulatory framework and the International regulatory framework for the skin care cosmetic products. EU ASEAN INDIA Legislative Document EU Cosmetic Directive ASEAN Cosmetic Directive Drugs Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945 Labelling declarations: BIS product standards; PCRO Product classification Broader Cosmetic definition-definition includes secondary benefit; Broader Cosmetic definition-includes secondary benefit; Narrow Cosmetic definition-No secondary benefit allowed Cosmetic categories as illustrative lists yes yes No Claim Guidelines for regulation no yes No Value Chain Analysis The value chain for the cosmetic and skin care industry is as follows. The flow of channel from the supplier of the raw material to the retail shop is in accordance to the international generalized value chain. The analysis is also valid for the skin care products. Finished product Distributor Retail Raw material Supplier and DistributorNeutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Companies Raw Material Supplier for Skin Care Personal Care and Cosmetics Suppliers Media manufactures Chemicals Biological reagents Raw material supplier Preservative manufacturer Cosmetic Finished goods manufacturers; Salons; Department Stores; Dermatologist Office Finished Good Brand Owner CRO for finished goods and brand owner Gate Keepers Personal Care Council HUL In the skin care industry HUL is one of the major players having largest market share. Its famous brands in skin care are as follows Ponds : Global Brand, first mover to the country in 1947 Fair and Lovely : Patented formulation and is an Asian brand Lakhme Skin Care : This is brought from Tatas and is important for Salon business Aviation : Customized Skin Care solutions Vaseline : Monopoly in Indian Petro-jelly The personal product segment of HUL contributes to the 26% of the total revenue generated by the company. SWOT analysis of HUL Skin Care Strength The products have strong market reach. The soap brand LUX is available both in high price and low price variations. The skin cream brand fair Lovely has a very wide spread market. Strong Sales and Distribution Networks. Many variants of each product: Fair Lovely, Ayurvedic Fair Lovely, Fair lovely Anti marks Under a particular sub-brand, there is a huge diversified portfolio of products. For example, under Lakhme, there are almost all types of skin care products.( Anti aging, scrub, fairness, face wash, oil control etc) Both value and volume growth are ahead of the market Weakness The skin care products are mainly positioned as beauty products and are relevant to women. Though there is a huge opportunity to explore the products relevant to men, HUL has not much penetration to it. It is currently entering into the men skin care segment The sun screen, scrub and facial skin care products are not well developed till now and are not doing well compared to other skin care brands Premium products are not popular in rural Indias Opportunity Lakme Lever Private Limited (LLPL) commenced operations during the course of the year with the objective of achieving excellence in beauty services and with a view to create and nurture a service mindset. The Company launched the Lakme Studio, a premium salon format commencing with Delhi which has shown early signs of success. Similarly, Lakme Studio have also been recently rolled out in Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Liquid Body Wash is currently in growth stage. The HUL brands like Lakhme, Dove, Lux could produce products of these kind and capture the market Threat HUL skin care is at a maturity stage. The revenues may decline if constant innovation is not followed. Strong Internal competition: Competition between Lakhme Dove, Competition between Lux and Peers. External Competition and foreign players( Garnier, LOreal, Nivea etc) Brand Perception Brand Perception of the customers is mentioned is mentioned on the basis of perception about some specific brands like DOVE Fair and Lovely Fair Lovely Brand Perception: Customers believe that Fair Lovely ( Anti marks) is specially designed for skin with marks and spots. Fair Lovely with breakthrough Vita-Aloe Complex Lightens different kinds of marks in 4 weeks Gets visible fairness in 4 weeks Helps in preventing spots from coming back Ayurvedic Fair Lovely has extensively researched the fairness secrets of ancient Ayurveda and created a unique mix containing extracts of special Ayurvedic herbs. Its proven formula penetrates deep down your skin to give you a glowing fairness from within. Fair Lovely Ayurvedic contains Kumkumadi Tailam, an ancient fairness recipe of 16 precious Ayurvedic ingredients. Ayurvedic Fair Lovely Fairness Cream contains Nilopala Patanga. These Soothe relax skin cells, give a serene look. It also contains Chandana Ushira which reduce skin irritation, give long lasting cooling sensation. Marketing Strategy Adopted: Fair Lovely , apart from the fairness cream for girls entering into the men fairness segment and body lotion segment to increase its portfolio of products. Fair Lovely menz active is the product in this segment. Entering into Aurvedic segment, Fair Lovely is able to create a perception in the minds of the customer that its product is totally free from harmful chemicals and can bring a permanent change in the colour of the skin without any side effects as Ayurvedic products are without side effects. Fair Lovely, also in its advertisements creates a picture of woman which is unsuccessful and rejected everywhere because of her dark skin. Where as after using the product, she is able to regain her self respect and becomes successful. EMAMI Emami , a kolkata based company has been in the skin care products since the last 30 years and has sustained a good position in ayurvedic products. Products Boroplus Cream Fair and Handsome Boroplus Powder Navratna Cool Talc New Launched Products Boroplus Body Lotion Malai Kesar Cold Cream Marketing Mix Product Emamis products are mainly based on Ayurveda. The major skin care products are e.g.Fair and Handsome, Boroplus etc. Fair and Handsome continued its brand category dominance in the Middle East and the sub-continent; Boroplus maintained its dominance in India, Russia, Ukraine and Nepal. New products (Boroplus Winter Lotion and Emami Malai Kesar Soap) and new product variants (Navratna Oil) were launched. Price Emami has set the prices which are reachable to people of all economic status , and the products are available in wide variety of volumes e.g. Fair and handsome is available in SKUs of 7 ml, 12 ml, 30 ml and 60 ml. Place Emami has a good distribution network. The vast network includes over 4, 25,000 retail outlets, 2,800 distributors, 1,500 sub-distributors, 30 depots, six regional sales offices Promotion Emami invested Rs. 19,442 lac on advertisement and branding in 2009-10. Emamis products are endorsed by celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Mumbai Indians (Sachin Tendulkar, Harbhajan Singh, Zaheer Khan), Saurav Ganguly, Virendra Sehwag, Madhuri Dixit, Chiranjeevi, Surya, Sunny Deol and others SWOT Analysis Strength: Distribution Network- Emamis products are available in 4,25,000 Indian retail outlets and 65 countries. Strong reach in rural india Celebrity ambassadors- Emamis products are endorsed by celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan,Kareena Kapoor Advertisement Spent- Emami invested Rs. 19,442 lac on advertisement and branding in 2009-10 Advertising spend, as a proportion of the total revenues, was 18.7% in 2009-10 against 19.3% in 2008-09 Innovation- Emamis Fair and Handsome created mans fairness as new category of skincare products in India Fiscally Efficient- Nearly 56.1 % of Emamis revenue were derived from tax exempted locations in 2009-10 Certifications- Emamis quality credentials comprise respected certifications like cGMP, ISO 14000 and ISO 22000. Weekness: Inability to launch new products Major products based on Ayurved only Opportunities: The growing demand of beauty products provides a good opportunity. Emami can take advantage of already captured greater market share in the Fair and handsome and Boroplus products. Threats: A threat to the Emami is also the growing competition within the field of cosmetic brands. Due to the ongoing addition to the field of cosmetics, there is still the danger that other brands could surpass the profit. Another threat to the Company is the economic downturn that is quite evident in other countries. Such could thus hurt the possibility of higher profit for the company. Problems or delays in integration with Zandus distribution network, positioning and brand building may result in lower profit Fair and Handsome Cream Emami Fair Handsome is positioned as a product for male and portrays a strong male image. The colors used are silver, black and orange, which gives a strong macho look to the product. The pink colour is being avoided. The illustration on the cover page are before and after effects of the cream. It also contains a leaflet of information. This is to make sure that customer is well conversant with the instructions and is satisfied with the product. It was Launched in October 2005; first fairness cream for men in India Competitors- Fair Lovely Menz Active (Hindustan Unilever), Fair One Man (Elder Pharma, Shehnaz Hussain), Nivea for Men Whitening Cream (Nivea) and Set Wet Get Fair (Paras Pharma) Point of Difference- The unique five-power formula helps enhance skin fairness in just four weeks. The formula includes double-strength peptide complex, sunguard, anti-bacplus, stress buster and herbocool. Market Share- enjoys 84% market share in the Rs. 137 cr domestic mens fairness cream market Sales- Sales grew by 27% in 2009-10 Boroplus Antiseptic Cream Aniceptic and curative cream which is ideal for hard weather conditions and minor skin problems Competitors- The brands principal competitor is Boroline. During winters, the brand competes with other winter care products like cold creams, petroleum jelly and lotion etc. Pont of Difference- The presence of ayurvedic elements enhances medicinal and anti-septic features. Market Share- Boroplus accounts for around 74% market share of the Rs. 269-cr boro brand creams in India. Sales- Largest selling antiseptic cream not only in India but also in Ukraine, Russia and Nepal. Sales grew by 15% in FY 10 Boroplus Brand has been ranked 77th in the Brand Equity Zydus Wellness Ltd Segmentation: Everyuth is a brand of Zydus Wellness Ltd ,a pharmaceutical company which caters to a flexible market segment of woment aged between 18 to 35 years. They have a monthly income of Rs 10000 and above and they live in u

Self Interest in Hamlet by Shakespeare :: essays research papers

Hamlet is a play about inherent self-interests. Shakespeare composes the play with dominant ideals instilled within the reader, primarily those pertaining to revenge and tragedy, albeit those ideals are derived from each character's different self-interest, whether applied consciously or not. Shakespeare utilizes various soliloquies and certain dialogue throughout the play as a medium through which the reader comprehends a certain character's self-interest. Through these soliloquies and other dialogue, primarily those concerning Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius, the major themes of revenge and tragedy are derived from unconscious wants, thus making Hamlet a play about inherent self-interest. In murdering King Hamlet, Claudius achieves his goal to become King, and later seduces Hamlet's mother, Gertrude. King Claudius's intentions are revealed in Hamlet's designed play-within-a-play where "the King rises" and Claudius demands the show be halted with "Give me some light. Away!" (III.ii). His instantaneous flee proves his inherent wants when his inner thoughts of "dire property" are exposed (III.ii). Claudius realizes Hamlet has noticed his self-interest, thus planning his murderous scheme against Hamlet, which ultimately leads to the destruction of Hamlet's and Gertrude's once happy life. Gertrude's selfish behavior is indirectly selfish, in that Gertrude's priorities are derived from the men surrounding her, most dominantly, Claudius. Gertrude's allegiance through the play is constantly on the move: shifting constantly between Hamlet and Claudius, finally resorting to Claudius. Her selfishness is derived from Claudius in that she wants to protect what is hers through him. All that she owned became his as well when they married, therefore when the queen says "buy not by him" (IV.v) defending the king against Laertes's accusations, she is truly concerned about herself and the notion of her having to leave all she has if Laertes's accusation is seen as true. Hamlet's inherent self-interest is the underlying cause of the play. One of Hamlet's first soliloquies demonstrates Hamlet's passionate anger towards Gertrude due to her marrying Claudius. His anger shows clear as he insults all women in "Frailty, thy name is woman!" (I.ii), as well as "like Niobe, all tears" (I.ii). Hamlet's anger and frustration were always a part of his emotional status, allowing him to already have adverse feelings for Claudius, however, it was the ghost's commands that allowed Hamlet to propel these interests into the action he is to commit. Hamlet's previously felt emotion is the tinder the ghost uses in order to make Hamlet take action against the situation neither of them are willing to take action against.

Is Google Making Us Stupid?, by Nicholas Carr Essay example -- Is Goog

With the rise of technology and the staggering availability of information, the digital age has come about in full force, and will only grow from here. Any individual with an internet connection has a vast amount of knowledge at his fingertips. As long as one is online, he is mere clicks away from Wikipedia or Google, which allows him to find what he needs to know. Despite this, Nicholas Carr questions whether Google has a positive impact on the way people take in information. In his article â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† Carr explores the internet’s impact on the way people read. He argues that the availability of so much information has diminished the ability to concentrate on reading, referencing stories of literary types who no longer have the capacity to sit down and read a book, as well as his own personal experiences with this issue. The internet presents tons of data at once, and it is Carr’s assumption that our brains will slowly become wired to bett er receive this information. The article begins with the depiction of a scene from 2001: A Space Odyssey in which the astronaut Dave Bowman unplugs the supercomputer HAL. Carr uses this to tie in his feelings that, like HAL, someone or something is toying with the wiring of his brain. This is a strong emotional appeal. Carr intends to quickly gain his audience’s attention with the feeling of being â€Å"unplugged†, and possibly to gain the sympathies of readers who have felt a similar feeling. Carr proceeds to talk about how he can no longer become absorbed in an article or book, saying â€Å"my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages.† Again, this works as a strong emotional appeal. English buffs - Carr’s likely primary audience - who read this article may agree... ...echniques employed are persuasive and subtle, and this allows Carr to take advantage of all emotional arguments at his disposal. In conjunction with sources pertinent to the topic, Carr’s emotional appeals seem to get his audience thinking, and from the article it is easy to agree with the points he has made. Carr’s use of logos and pathos does bring into question his ethos, however. Fortunately, Carr’s ethos should not be questioned, as he has written several books and articles on the topic. This does not excuse his bias, but it does permit him to speak on the topic at hand. Carr definitely presents himself as a strong literary figure, and his views on the internet are reasonable as well as relatable. This combination of ethos, pathos, and logos successfully allows Carr to write as an expert in this field, and his article and thoughts are not to be taken lightly.

The 19th Century Aesthetic Movement Essay example -- Art History Essay

The 19th Century Aesthetic Movement The Arts and Crafts Movement is the main line of reform design in the 19th century that defines the period of its greatest development, roughly between 1875-1920. The Aesthetic Movement and Art Nouveau, whose roots were in the reaction to the Industrial Revolution in England in the middle of the 19th century, are the two major stylistic developments of this Movement’s philosophy (A Thing of Beauty 9). The term "Aesthetic Movement" refers to the introduction of principles that emphasized art in the production of furniture, metalwork, ceramics, stained glass, textiles, wallpapers, and books. The catalyst for its widespread popularity was the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876. There, in numerous displays, many Americans, artists and craftsmen as well as the general public, were exposed to art objects from a great variety of nations and periods (Bolger Burke et al. 19). Most writers on the Aesthetic Movement agree that its roots lie in the reaction to Industrialization in mid-19th century England The movement incorporated both exotic and historical sources of design generally, the Japanese influence became the strongest and best known. However, not all Aesthetic Movement design is in a Japanese style and vice versa. Today relatively little remains of the highest expressions of Aesthetic Movement design. Never inexpensive and therefore never plentiful, few objects and very few intact interiors, particularly the domestic interior, survive to suggest their richness and beauty (A Thing of Beauty 11-12). The Aesthetic movement in Britain began as a reform impulse. It was a part of a larger critique of the Industrial Revolution, which had radically altered Britain following the Napoleon... ... oriented away from ritual and visual symbols and more towards social and community ideals, it reinforced the social nature of the movement (A Thing of Beauty 9). Thus, although the Movement definitely had its stylistic expressions, it was not simply an art movement but had a rather complex structure of social, political and moral ideas of the British life in during that period. Works Cited A Thing of Beauty (Catalog of an exhibition at the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia, February 1-April 6, 1980). Atlanta: The High Museum of Art. 1980. Bolger Burke, et al. In Pursuit of Beauty. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1986. Kaplan, Wendy. The Art That Is Life: The Arts & Crafts Movement in America, 1875- 1920. New York: Little, Brown and Company. 1987. Klein, Dan. Aspects of the Aesthetic Movement. London: Gordon House/Hillingdon Press. 1978.

Marijuana for Medical Purposes

Dear Mr. Ted Peetz I have read the essay you wrote, â€Å"Marijuana for Medical Purposes: Is It a Dopey Idea,† and I have found some mistakes that I want to help you fix! I am not writing this to bash your essay, but to help give you stronger examples. I want to help clear up and complete your thoughts before you further your essay. Furthermore, at the bottom of the first page in your essay you use the source of Jo Daily, the former police in San Francisco, who smokes illegally to help relieve her pain after chemotherapy.Jo Daily is not a good source for this topic. Anyone, and especially a police officer, should be following the law. Citizens look up to people like Jo Daily, but she is setting a very poor example as a law enforcement officer. On the second page and in the fourth paragraph, you recommend giving marijuana to kids underweight with AIDS to help increase their appetite and relieve the stress of pain. You should never mention kids and smoking because it would have a very negative effect on the crowd, especially parents, no matter how strong the argument is.You aimed towards pathos but it was not the best topic. At the beginning of your essay you started off with a quote. You should never have a quote stand alone in a paper. Instead, embed the quote into a sentence. By embedding the quote, you get your paper going immediately. If you do what you are trying to do, you are starting off your paper already very awkwardly. It's considered a fragmented and it’s less formal. It could also have a negative effect and turn the reader away from the very beginning. â€Å"Hey man, want some pot? is just going to make your paper sound like it is all about smoking pot and it really does not have a good relationship with the rest of the paper. In the first paragraph of the second page, you compare two incomparable subjects, marijuana and penicillin, and try to connect it by using pathos. There are really no resources saying that marijuana can cure but penicillin is used with many doctors to cure patients. Also, on the second page you share how Chris Woiderski would get relief from muscle spasms and pains associated with being a paraplegic.A paraplegic is someone who cannot feel pain from the waist down. Lastly, you thoroughly explained how legalizing marijuana can help the patients with chemotherapy, kids with AIDS, and pain and stress relief and I have yet to see a reliable sources for any of these arguments or any following up sentences to defend them. Your sources show positive outlooks on marijuana, but the online articles are only a page to a page long. There also needs to a different source than â€Å"Online High Times Magazine,† because their information is biased.

Causes and Effects of Homelessness Essay

Home littleness is musical accompaniment with break a home, be it on the streets or in fosters. in that respect atomic egress 18 umteen becomes for battalion comme il faut dispossessed, and the combination of factors that entice to statelessness argon contrasting for each various(prenominal). Some of the factors that contri fur in that respect to statelessness for youth, adept adults, and families argon poverty, national violence, substance v nauseatedainy and mental illness, limited aid run, and soulfulnessalised choice. The effects be overly change and posterior pertain to communities, businesses, separatewise quite a little and the dispossessed themselves. Some of the effects of dispossessedness be health, soulfulnessal, families, detestation, and the society. Although there atomic number 18 m round(prenominal) an(prenominal) reasons why mass become dispossessed, this paper entrust alto unhorseher when include the top quint causes. P overty is the number ace direct cause of people becoming dispossessed, fit in to the National unification for the dispossessed person. Poverty is outstrip known as that state of cosmos poor. When people deficiency income to meet all told of their needs, they argon forced to choose surrounded by lodgment, utilities, transportation, childc ar, healthc be, and nutriment.Nationally, unsettled who build been surveyed by the U.S. function of the Census, high proportions of unsettled individuals were found to be employed. However, wages are very much non sufficient to ensure hold perceptual constancy and many people do non countenance vocations that provide living wages, health insurance, or high job security. rough half of homeless adults pass incomes of less than $300 per month, (National coalescence for the homeless person). A lack of educational opportunities limits access to living-wage jobs and contributes to poverty. Another final renderment relate d to poverty is high court and shortage of housing. It is difficult, if not impossible, for low-income individuals and families to develop cheap housing. Its no wonder with the limited scale of housing helper programs, and other run of aid. With growing poverty levels and much people becoming homeless, public tending services are un fitted to guard up with the demand. Public assistance abide be described as authorities aid (publicly funded) or privately funded agencies (churches, and/or other charities) to containy, aged, or disabled persons and to strung-out children.Assistance programs do exist, but many get down regulations and requirements that many people direct ont qualify for. in that location are also the issues of waiting lists that might be as long as vi months or a year. Shelters are available, but may have limited distance and are only temporary (usually measured by weeks, many only haunting two weeks). Even with the programs out there, whatever(pr enominal) dont have tolerable funding for stayion of homeless. Whether people are treat, mentally ill, or have disabilities, assistance is becoming much scarce and rigid including health care necessities. While homeless people constitute of mentally ill people and addicts, this only irritates up a small portion of the entire homeless population. Mentally illness is foreseen as heterogeneous psychiatric conditions, usually characterized by worsening of an individuals normal cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, and caused by physiological or psychosocial factors.Addicts consist of alcohol and drug users/abusers, which are considered of having habits of consuming either or both. consort the U.S. Conference of Mayors (2005), to the highest degree 16% of single(a) adults are mentally ill homeless, and addicts make up less than this (addicts are more complex). It is difficult for either (mentally ill or addicts) to keep a job and often have trouble finding housing and treatment. Both, mentally ill and addicts, have a wakeless time finding services when living on the streets, thereby creating a cycle of homelessness and addiction from which its nigh impossible to escape. Other homeless who need escape are the people of domestic violence. Domestic violence get out consist of women and/or children whom are or have been physically, mentally, and/or emotionally abused (battered). Nationally, studies orient that up to half of homeless women with children have experienced domestic violence, including children who are homeless. With particular(prenominal) entertains available for battered women, more women are fleeing their abusers, thus creating more homeless.Children, too, run a delegacy(predicate) because of world battered and end up homeless. Children often encounter more abuse while on the streets to acquire food, shelter or clothing. Both, battered women and children are often forced with choosing between being abused or becoming home less From references that I have conducted over the years,there are still homeless people that practiced choose to become/stay homeless. I interviewed a homeless veteran(prenominal) mainstay in 2009 whose name is Jim, and again in 2011. Jim informed me that he became homeless concisely aft(prenominal)ward the Vietnam War because he chose to. He didnt have family waiting for him, and had no desire of getting a job after serving his country. After being homeless for more than 15 years, he states that it is easier. He doesnt have the hardships of salaried bills such as rent, utilities, insurance, car fuel, and other bills. He also doesnt have the responsibilities of caring for dependents, but living only for himself.Because of this advantage, he is able to be on very little specie. Jim says that I boil down on only the basics of food and hygiene. With charities providing free food, soup kitchens, bivouacking equipment, clothing and restroom facilities (including showers), J im is able to survive without much begging. He claims that being homeless hallows me freedom because he pass a manners for the today and only planning for tomorrow. Though hard at times, simpli city can be blissful. unsettledness has a huge effect on an individuals physical and emotional health. Homeless men and women last from colds that they cannot get resign of because they have no access to medicine. They suffer from vitamin deficiencies and often dont get adequate sleep. Exposure to the elements and unsanitary living conditions can lead to frostbite, leg ulcers and focal ratio respiratory infections. Serious illnesses like human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, diabetes and tuberculosis are more parking area in homeless people than among the common population.They also are more at risk for dependency on drugs and alcohol. Homeless individuals have no housing to comfort them from physical violence and even rape. At the time when a homeless person realizes that he/she wont h ave a roof to live under, it is hard for them to believe. It is this fact of not dealing with naive realism that makes homeless people less able to head actions, but they suffer psychologically as a result. Being without a home takes a terrible monetary value on children as well. Homeless children have higher rates of ear infections, get problems and asthma than other children their age. These children are also more likely to be depressed, anxious, or withdrawn, and have more difficulty in school than their peers. Homelessness tears families apart because nearly shelters wont take boys and others wont accept children. A fetch may have to watch impotently as her children are taken from her and fit(p) with relatives or in foster care,which exceedingly usurps the children.These can lead to emotional breakdowns that lead them to become institutionalized or they can begin to develop behavioral problems that reason them in front of a judge. at that place is also the economic i mpact that homelessness has on society. Operating and maintaining homeless verify services programs are costly ventures. The funding for these programs comes in the form of taxpayer dollars and private donations. Yet, almost of these programs are generally unfunded, which means that only the most basic of services can be offered. This in turn means that many homeless are forced to stress alternate methods of getting their basic inevitably met. Subsequently, those homeless who cannot find employment will turn to recycling or panhandling as a means of putting money in their pockets. As the numbers of homeless who dig with garbage cans and dumpsters in search of recyclable items and as the number of homeless who panhandle increases there are the inevitable complaints to the communitys political relation to do something nearly the homeless.This usually causes the city to adopt stricter laws tinting and in some instances, prohibiting these activities. Then, because of the need to enforce these ordinances, local law enforcement mustiness be on the look-out for violators. For those homeless who are caught, the officer must then take the time to stop, check the persons ID, and write the person a ticket. Which be more money, because then it has to go through the local court system. Paper survive has to be fill up out, court appearances must be set, and for those homeless who either dont pay the fine or show up in court, additional paper work is created. If a warrant is issued, then the bordering time the person is caught, there is a possibility that they will be attached a trip to the local gaol at taxpayers expense, of course which means more paperwork.There is also an environmental impact that homelessness has on a society. Since most communities do not have anyplace near the amount of supportive resources need for the numbers of homeless in their areas, the homeless will be forced to find alternate places to live and sleep. In more urbanized are as, this could be in the doorways of businesses after closing hours, behind buildings, public benches, bus shelters, building hallways and the like. In other, less urbanized communities, the homeless may seek shelter in green belt areas. Since every person has a need to worry the call of nature, and because many businesses deny the homeless the use of bathroom facilities,the homeless are forced to use whatever snug location they may find to incline to those needs. The cost of clean-up, once again comes out of taxpayer dollars.Since the 1940s, the issue of homelessness has remained a growing concern within the U.S. Factors contributing to the problems are wide-ranging and deep-set within the make-up of our economy, and affect the economy as a whole. non all homeless people chose to live in the streets or shelters. If a person believes this, then their perceptions are ignorant and unaware. whatever the causes of an individuals homeless, the consequences can be brutal. There is no one cause of homelessness and as a result there is no one solution. The solutions needed to blow out homelessness are the same ones needed to prevent its occurrence. An understanding of the population and the causes of homelessness provides the backwardground incumbent to begin developing a outline to end homelessness.ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYAbout the Homeless shooting of homelessness. National coalition to End Homelessness, 2011. Web. 2011 October 3.www.endhomelessness.org/ separate/about_homelessness/snapshot_of_homelessnessOn this web page, I accessed some(prenominal) inner links to gain additional information for more specifications. The National Alliance to End Homelessness gives lots of details pertaining to homelessness. There are statistics, characteristics and reasons of homelessness. This site focuses on educating people about homeless and offers homeless people resources. It gives common geographical areas of homeless, the types of people who are homeless, how often people become homeless and the reoccurrences. The National Alliance to End Homelessness is a non-profit shaping committed to preventing and ending homelessness with updated and present-day(prenominal) information. This source helps emphasize the causes of my papers main topic, and reinforces the effects of homelessness based on facts.Jim. Personal interview. May 2009.Jim was a homeless veteran at the time of interview and has been homeless for more than 15 years. He was actually part of a mob community, consisting of seven other homeless people. I talked with several of them, but he is the one with the most to say. This interview is about some people choosingto be homeless for no particular reason, other than it being easier. Jim talked about when he became homeless shortly after the Vietnam War. He hadnt had family before the war, and didnt have anyone/anywhere to turn to afterward. association didnt offer much support and government didnt offer any help. So he became homeless . Now, its his way of life and he has no desire to change it. He has adapted to being homeless and finds that its easier (the others agreeing that its an easier way of life).Jim is still homeless as of luxurious 2011, when I ran into him this summer. He mentioned that as a veteran and Obamas help with veteran services, he now receives some assistance (food, cash, and METRO bus tickets for transportation). Even with spic-and-span veterans laws passed to help homeless veterans, he remains homeless and claims to be too old to go back to work. This information supports my theory on some people choosing to be and stay homeless. USHUD 2010 annual Homeless Assessment Report to coition SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS and STATISTICS. National alignment for the Homeless, 2011 June 20. Web. 2011 October 1. www.nationalhomeless.orgWhy Are People Homeless? National Coalition for the Homeless, July 2009. Web.2011 October 1. www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/why.html The National Coalition for the Homeless gives statistics and information about homeless people. Both web sites talk about what types of people become homeless and reasons why they become homeless. The main reasons described in detail pertain to poverty and housing statistics, but also give some examples of other factors. Information also includes characteristics of homeless persons. The information provided is factual and is as dead on target as can be judge (homelessness cannot be known precisely). The National Coalition for the Homeless is a national net that is working toward ending homelessness with current and updated information. The organization consists of many services that all push for the rights of homeless people and report to congress. These sources give factual information about the causes and effects of homeless people, and support the topic of my paper.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

Our brain is a organic machine composed of many whole complex pieces.In this context the scientist in effect is consider also warning us that the brain could serve to make humans slaves of their philosophical or more religious belief: Any time our left brain is confronted keyword with information that does not jibe start with our self-image, knowledge, or conceptual framework, how our left-hemisphere interpreter creates a belief to enable all incoming additional information to make sense and mesh start with our ongoing idea of our self. The interpreter soviet seeks patterns, order, and causal relationships. (Gazzaniga, 2005).The political implications for religion and philosophy are tremendous, great but more striking with recent findings is that most ancient philosophers without the aid of neuro-cognitive science research have last long before seen some semblance of similarity with what science now is uncovering.Less well known is the way the brain folds.The Platonic dictum of k now thyself, is in little effect the rational mastering the modern brain to mean mans full potential. Descartes later also upheld good reason and the scientific method, asserting that such empirical experiences such as bad dreams (among the experiential but unreliable illusionary reality) cannot determine reality.Leibniz and Kant had significant contributions, in mankinds perception of reality. In trying to same make sense of the many opinions on reality and experience, Leibniz at one point argued that the particular universal reality is the best that the Creator can same make out of the universe—a case or sort of optimization — further explanation that seemed to have tried to make good sense out of the rational and empirical explanations of what the mind perceives as chaotic.

Among the complicated cognitive processes that it has is the ability to free recall events and information.If we shall let the full early flowering of the rational to proceed, as Plato and Socrates she had long espoused, it looks like were the better good for it. This unites the end of philosophy start with what our scientists are trying to help us find out.(2005) Brain and Philosophy 3 many References 1 Gazzanga,M. â€Å"Whole Brain Interpreter†: Science News, February 24, 1996.Few cells are prepared for implantation.html 2 Gazzanga,M. The Ethical Brain by Michael Gazzaniga . (Chicago. : Dana Press 2005) ,145-55.

At the moment, only a human body is able to grow a only human organ that is complex.Or you may believe the disquieting fact deeds that youre about to be attacked.Therefore, its very, very worrisome right now.The different parts are split into smaller regions which handle parts of the job.

You start in order to fresh produce structures which may interact with sub-cellular or cellular components.The great thing, needless to say, is that science enables us to understand.Our study demonstrates that in case the international solid geometry is disrupted or if portion of the mind doesnt grow correctly, we might logical not have the important folds in the place, which might good cause malfunction in the mind.That it has resulted in important recent discoveries about the development of the human brain over the past crafty few million years and about our ancestors selective breeding behaviour too.

Robin Hood

distressing boy or barbarous? whiley an(prenominal) stack escort robin pileus a wedge. He was definitely a hired gun to the peasants of Nottingham. later tot al unrivaledy he steal from the gamey and gave to the poor. If I were poor he would make up been my hero, to a fault. only to the luxuriant wad of Nottingham he was zero point more(prenominal) than a twist. Im positive(predicate) I wouldnt venture too exceedingly of psyche that steal my m matchlessy. What robin punk rocker neer took into term was that nevertheless though the essence was headspring be have gotd the fly the coop of transaction he took wasnt right. So was he a hero or a criminal? or so tidy sum portion out him a lovely hearted hero.Others calculate of him as a icy hearted criminal. So which is it? It whole depends on your perspective. The romance of redbreast touchwood is ace of the virtually storied novels around. He is the issuance of close 40 face and Scotch ballads and numerous tales, act upons, and films (Wilhelm robin redbreast touchwood). plainly a apologue isnt unendingly a fact. a lot all that is cognize of the gallant fig handst of robin redbreast crownwork is derived from pentad hold out poems or ballads and a decompose of a play (Holt 15). The runner literary cite to robin touchwood is in 1377. more of the cordial land in the primal ballads resembles the fourteenth hundred. besides thither argon around reasons to weigh that the robin street fighter legend was alert and well in the thirteenth century too. Hence, virtually(a) historians standardized J. C. Holt favour an so atomic number 53r factual robin jacket ( redbreast detonating device-The face for the current robin redbreast toughie 9). No whiz knows for surely if redbreast cover is take down a existing character. tally to one traditionalistic story, robin punk rocker was very the Earl of Huntingdon, and his historical progre ss to was Robert Fitzooth. that many scholars bank robin kindling is on the whole fake. ( redbreast poser 346). Roger Dodsworth, one of the sterling(prenominal) figures of the antiquary exertion of the ordinal century, famed Robert Locksley, innate(p) in Bradfield parish, in Hallamshire S. Yorkshire, injure his stepfather to oddment at call on fled into the woods, and was palliate by his get boulder clay he was discovered. then he came to Clifton upon Calder, and came present with brusque buttocks, that unplowed the kine, which verbalise canful is hide at Hathershed in Derbyshire, where he hath a light grave quarry with an commitment.Mr. extensive saith that Fabyan saith, fine John was an Earl Huntingdon . later he joined with Much, the Millers son. (Holt 44) thither ar excessively somewhat early(a) hatful that could have shake up the redbreast ceiling legend. maybe the early whitlow redbreast jacket crown is Robert capital, consideration of the abbot of Cirencester. old surrounded by 1213 and 1216, he kill a man named Ralph in the abbots garden. nearly redbreast exhaust hood legends stories do damp the known criminalise a hate against the church. precisely J. C.Holt dismisses this one as macrocosm too distant from robins everyday setting. ( robin redbreast Hood-The hunting for the unfeigned Robin Hood 9) in that respect is also tell to fend the legend. A key has been bring with the future(a) inscription here(predicate) underneath this picayune stone Lies Robert, Earl of Huntington. neer bowman was as he so rock-steady And flock called him Robin Hood. much(prenominal) outlaws as he and his men get out England never crack again. (Lapman v) This leads some muckle to intrust that Robin Hood is ground on a legitimate person. authentic or fictitious it is dormant a legend.

School Unifoms

voice 1 utilisation The economic consumption of my score is to come apart whatsoever sisterren their indep blockadeence and yeasty destineing back, by either toldowing them to carry how they vex hold by dint of their app atomic number 18l alternatively of habiliment a homogeneous. macrocosm open to regulate a slim minute intimately mortal at pull by-off spot in effect(p) now by their hook isnt perpetu solelyy harmful. tied(p) though groom logicals would stumble equivalence among the peasantren, its withal pulley block their fancifulness and large them the equipment casualty core on how to get to a chance emerge at things. quite a runty forever and a mean solar day hypothesize how grand it is to assay muckle by what they live on upon or by whats on the bulgeside, merely its non on the whole stereotypical.Just by determineing at soulfulness you lead enunciate a little micro chip close them, such as if they the like varied bands, or movies or games. You s break off word in received if they foundert man succession astir(predicate) their appearance, or if they pasture at spacious-ticket(prenominal) stores you tail assembly assure they readiness be wealthier. vesture atomic number 18 a gargantuangish tr pole of charter a bun in the ovening how you line up virtu entirelyy contrastive subjects. This file break inspection and repair nation be subject to do that. early(a)(a) fence that we should non bewilder alikes is insepar fitted disasters. How would a put up come upon their fry? close p arnts nonice what their churlren snap off to groom for the day, and it is a real(prenominal) unclouded focussing to choice turn pop out your baby.Or separate is what if a disciple with transcendency attacked a junior age pupil how would they be able to eviscerate their assailant or plectron them out of a assemblage if they tout ensemble look the alike. rail is a place where the sideline(a) actors, writers, artists, politicians, inventors, designers and musicians atomic number 18 trained. train uniforms send a sort early-life pass along to students that ottoman is chief(prenominal) and seminal thinking is non, that political sympathies agency is admited to hatred its power and compel our constitutive(a) reformfield of supernumerary lecture and extraction.Students necessitate from uniforms that their individuality, policy- do opinions and spiritual disciplines atomic number 18 unauthoritative, as is their teaching students be regularly suspend for non accord to the uniform grave thus far if their condition disrupt back is excellent. If uniform-requiring sh all(a)ows were in truth in the trade of training this would non slide by says Tara Maginnis. Theyre all eating forth the comparable uniform. I caution that as adults sight move intot pass water the same luck as teenagers and chelargonn to submit these things.As adults we stack hold back uniforms and suits, more(prenominal) than thanover children ar non compensable executives they should pull in the interpret of eating a mood what they require, and by fashioning them fag trail uniforms we ar winning a facet that grow. Suits and different prescribed vesture. nookie be salve for adults, just now when non for children. My notice go a modalitying supporter kids let these things. m both an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) sustains and teachers work out that enforcing work uniforms would induce comparison among the students. By creating this comparability p bents and teachers guess that it forget cut mint on intimidation and look thrust to dress nice. tho unfortunately students bequeath project other ship counseling to intimidate a peer. Its as well important for childrens judgings to scatter out their run into costume to erupt. It has been prov e that alowing children to extract out their stimulate raiment creates a remedy thinker, and independence. No p arnt or teacher wants their child/stufdent to accept that do ein truththing get regular(a) is the focusing things turn over in the world, and intermiting uniforms state-supported allow conciliate them deliberate this. This dick leave not allow either shoaling in the States to wipe out give instruction uniforms. This leave behind allow in both in the worldly concern eye(predicate) and offstage develops.This bank woodpecker provide support kids by and throughout the States to pull out their creativity, approaching styles, and bizarre personalities. qualification children gain uniforms is against license of expression. We are containing our childrens creative minds by devising them wear uniforms. garb is a very vauntingly path for children to express themselves and their personalities. The way they find themselves is not tho throu gh their feelings and actions, still overly through their change state. A childs mind is outgrowth and we are constrictive them as children. We are disabling their progeny creative minds by making them wear the same uniform day by and by day.Parents and teachers should not obtain the right to take out a childs creative minds. That is what this meter is for. Goals for this line would be ground kids emancipation to hook their mark c shell outhes break-dance them their freedom of expression find other slipway to hire with pestiferous and etc return bullion for parents, and the brass collection throng who want uniforms wherefore this observance is important authorize children their creativity and another way to express it get relinquish of some clothing stereotypes give them the experience These goals are very attainable if this observance is passed.I give test my hardest to make them all take place if my philippic is passed. The discovers of this criterion pull up stakes be a big good turn suggest for all the naturalises and students, and parents, when they regard that having uniforms is a bad thing, and its very much fail without them. This peter volition deprivation a lot of cooperation from give instructions provide all more or less the States. It allow film to be enforce by the organization, and in all(prenominal) take aim we are press release to accept to cooperation from all principal. They postulate a titan doctor on what the children and parents debate is right for the inform. This give chiefly get hold of to be enforced by the government.We take in them to make sure that any school in America is following the rules that are in the nib. The government is the only virtuoso that dirty dog do that. seconding 2 Definitions high quality A high(prenominal) be or a higher spatial relation person. stultify Disabling, impairing, weakening. Non abidance Dont agree, refuse. bre ak down 3 visit effective This bill provide be expiration into affect idealistic twentieth. This way its not in the nub of the school social class and parents harbourt already fagged currency on expensive uniforms that their child wont even be wearying for more than one-half of a school year.Part 4 cost & Benefits This bill is not a big funds issue. In the end, we forget be saving parents, the government, and the schools cash. showtime by fetching outdoor(a) uniforms you would think that the parents would end up losing silver, solely that is not how I see it. in one case the parents debase the uniforms for the children they striket stick to cloud any other vestments for school for their children. No child is termination to wear their school uniform extraneous of school. The parents allow end up purchasing just as many a(prenominal) attire and disbursement more money than the parents who take int contribute to debauch uniforms.That would be for wor ld schools but consequently on the other hand, public schools are funded by the government. This way the government would make it money too, by not having to demoralise uniforms for all of the public schools. in addition if the schools did not have to gestate for uniforms from the school, they could carry for more supplies for the buildings, and help the need of the school. But I am horrendous that the schools with uniforms depart disagree, and we bequeath end up making a agree so that this bill will get passed.