Comparing Death in Araby and The Metamorphosis Essay -- comparison com

Death in Araby and The Metamorphosis   Many readers have commented on the contrast of light and darkness in the story Araby by James Joyce. Perhaps the death of the non-Christian priest in Araby adds to the darkness that the boy experiences when he is thinking about Mangans sister, as contrasted with the light he experiences when he is in reality in her presence. It is interesting that the death of the priest does not become so dark until Mangans sister is introduced. In the first scene where the boy visits the priests old mode, he rummages around and finds some treasures, including paper-covered books, and the late tenants rusty bicycle pump. There is no sense of gloom here, in fact, the boy seems to be having fun exploring and discovering things, and reminisces about how the priest had been a very charitable priest in a rather disconnected way. But later, after the boys crush on Mangans sister has been introduced, this dead priests dwell takes on a very different char acter. This is the place where the boy retreats on a stormy night while his emotions are churning inside him. It is no longer a place to explore, but has taken on almost a sacred character. Here the boy experiences his most impassioned moment of unconnected prayers and praises, pressing the palms of his hands together until they trembled, murmuring Oh Love Oh Love many times. You can almost feel the presence of the dead priest in the room on this dark rainy evening as the boy is praying, in a way that you would not feel his presence if he were merely on vacation. The fact that he has died here in this very room adds to the drama and it intensifies the boys emotions. Maybe the boy was thinking that the priest was watching him from he... ...ere really what the family needed to take in living their own lives. In this story the deaths of Gregor serve to make obvious where he really stands in the family, and what the real situation is. If he had not glowering into a bug and ultimat ely died, neither he nor the family would have ever known that what he was doing for them wasnt really helping them. Gregors deaths also showed that the family didnt really care that very much about him, and werent that grateful for his sacrifices. It brings out the contrast between what Gregor was willing to do for his family (die) and what his family was willing to do for him (not very much). They wanted to get rid of him once his train started demanding too much from them. Gregors death turns him into a sort of tragic hero. If the story ended differently, I think readers would feel less sympathetic towards him.  

Microsoft Xbox Essay -- essays research papers

Microsoft targets numerous segments of the population of many countries through advertisements of its Xbox. Microsoft, one of the most successful companies in the world, is using its innovations to take over the auto gaming market. Sony and Nintendo have been the gaming powerhouses for many years now, but are now starting to become overshadowed by the success of Microsofts Xbox. As presbyopic as gaming automobiles have been available, teenage boys have been the targets of the companies. One new strategy that Microsoft is using is the targeting of all ages and both sexes of consumers. While other companies continue to persevere in the young kids and teenage market, Xbox is revolutionizing the target market of gaming systems. Microsoft is in the process of producing games aimed at young and teenage girls as well as antheral and female adults. Microsoft is planning to have all types of games available for the Xbox as they are for the computer. As any computer owner knows, a game of any literary genre can be purchased for the computer. There are tens of thousands of games available for people of all different ages, races, and sexes who all have different interests. Microsoft, unlike the other gaming machine companies, has experience with producing software of this caliber, and is completely prepared for the innovations. With the vast amounts of funds that Microsoft has available, these goals are in no way out of reach. There are already abo...

The Eight Essential Steps to Conflict Resolution Essay -- essays re

&65279The book that I chose to read for my book review was, The Eight Essential go ToConflict Resolution by Dr. Dudley Weeks. The reason I chose to read a book on conflict annunciation was to further improve my skills at avoiding and relations with problems. Because Ifeel that a person truly shows their character not when things are going well but when thingsbegin to go bad. And having the ability to postulate with those problems strengthens one as a person.Dudley Weeks, PH.D. is widely commended as one of the worlds leaders in conflictresolution. He lives in Washington, D.C., has worked in everyplace sixty countries and has counseledthousands of businesses, families, and communities in the United States. Dr. Weeks has twicebeen nominated for the Noble Peace Prize. Dr. Weeks is now teaching conflict resolution at theAmerican University School of multinational Service and gives workshops throughout the world.Dr. Weeks basic ally tears conflict resolution into eight steps. The fi rst step is to create aneffective atmosphere. The second step is to clarify perceptions. trine is focus on individual andshared needs. Fourth is build shared positive power. Fifth is look to the future, then learn fromthe past. Sixth is generate options. 7th is develop Doables. And the last step is makemutual benefit agreements. Dr. Weeks also touches on topics such as handling anger, dealingwith people who only compulsion things their way, and dealing with conflicts that involve an injustice.The first step is about Creating an Effective Atmosphere. Creating an effectiveatmosphere is a very important step in the conflict resolution process. It is more likely for mutualagreements be reached when the atmosphere is given careful consideration. When thinking aboutatmosphere remember these ideas personal preparation, timing, location, and lastly openingstatements. ain preparation is doing all you can to ready yourself in positive ways toapproach issues honestly and openly. Timing mea ns that choosing a time that is best for allparties involved, a time in which no one is feeling pressed to move on or pressured in other ways. Location suggests that where you meet is as important as when you meet, it is best to pick a placewhere all parties can feel com... ...esolution. I found it extremely helpful incertain areas, I also found that I actually dosome of the steps when I am dealing with a conflict. For example, when a conflict occurs I travail tounderstand what happened with past conflicts and avoid repeating the same mistakes over again. Also when we are trying to find a solution I look for a solution that will be two beneficial to meand them. I did learn some good ways to organize our thoughts and solutions. I also learned to rag to the heart of the conflict and focus on only that, and avoid all side issues.As for my opinion of the author, I think he may be a better counselor and doctor than awriter. I found some of the reading sort of confusing and complicated , and had to read severalsections over a few times to totally understand his point. Some of the vocabulary he uses is a bittechnical, many words I needed look up to understand Dr. Weeks point. So basically what I amsaying is that I found the reading to be a bit difficult but I really enjoyed the informational aspectof the book and that I learned a lot on how we should work through conflict and come to aresolution that benefits both parties.

Coming Of Age In Mississippi Essay -- Anne Moody

Coming of Age in Mississippi is an eye-opening testimony to the racism that exemplified what it was kindred to be an African American living in the south before and after the civil rights movements in the 50s and 60s. African Americans had been given voting and citizen rights, but did non and to a certain degree, still can not enjoy these rights. The southern economy that Anne Moody was born into in the 40s was one that was governed and ruled by a bunch of whites, many of which who very prejudice. This caused for a very hard up bringing for a young African American girl. Coming of Age in Mississippi broadened horizon of what it was like for African Americans to live during the 40s, 50, and 60s. There are many traces of slavery throughout this book. I gauge that one of the biggest examples is in the maiden pages of the book describing where she lives and what her parents do. She lived on a plantation with her parents in a two room wooden shack. Their house was on the top of the hill along with the Carters plantation. The new(prenominal) blacks that worked there all lived at the bottom of the hill. Her parents were farmers for Mr. Cater, and grew corn and cotton. Another example of slavery is when Ann is beaten by her father for something that she did not even do. I think this is kind of like when slaves got beaten for things that they could not help such as getting tired or not working fast enough. Another event is when Anne goes to the movies with two of her white neighbors and she has to sit in a different place than them. This does not exactly show slavery but it says that white people are better. Religion was a major role in the behavior of Anne Moody. It kind of just helped her get away for a little bit. I ... ... that at this depute she realized how weak the men really were.Coming of Age in Mississippi was a very eye-opening and detailed biography that detailed the harsh life of a young African American girl in the south. I really enjoyed reading this book because it opened my eyes to what it was like to be an African American in the south on top of being a woman. I also think that this book is very important to many of todays and yesterdays African Americans because it basically outlines all of the harsh struggles that the African American people had to go through to get to where they are today. I also think that this book could be used as a guiding tool, not to just blacks but whites too, to people who are lost and feel as if they serve no get in the world. As one can tell from reading this book, even the smallest or meaningless person can make a difference.

The Evolution of High Heels Essay -- Fashion

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The Evolution of High Heels Essay -- Fashion

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Events Provision in Birmingham

This assignment leave behind identify the range of impressions cosmos promoted in the city of Birmingham, it forget alike classify whether the blushts argon organised by the public, individual(a) or voluntary domain. There will also be an overview of the visitors perception of the city and event and finally it will analyse the local anaesthetic residents attitudes towards the event.The six events which will be analysed atomic number 18 the MPH Show 06, which is a motor event hosted by Jeremy Clarkson. Mitchell and Webb sleep together, which is a comedy sketch show. The BBL Cup Final. The Survivor series Tour, which is a sports entertainment event. Mela 2006 and the final event is Little Britain Live.theoreticians much(prenominal) as Allen 2002 state that an event is defined as a signifi raiset gathering or activity that takes place often in a social setting. (J. Allen 2002)The first event, which will be analysed, is the MPH Show 06. The event was in operation among 26- 29 October 2006 at the NEC Birmingham. The MPH Shows web page describes the event, as a 75 minute theatre show in an explosive combination of railcar chases, outrageous stunts, incredible driving and world de thats. A personal look at the finest selection of the most stylish, rare and expensive cars in our galleried exhibitions its motoring enlightenment (www.mphshow.co.uk)This event fuck be categorised under the mega events typology group. The fountain for this is that the event has the potential to pass over one million visitors. A further reason that this event can attract a vast amount of large visitors is that well-known motoring expert Jeremy Clarkson is hosting it. Due to the motor show being interpreted away from Birmingham, The MPH Show can be its ideal replacement and generate a mellowed level of economic and enlistmentism affect into Birmingham.Theorist such as Getz 1997 states, Mega events, by way of their size or significance are those that yield extraordinarily high levels of tourism, media coverage or economic impact for the host club and finishs. (Getz 1997)There could be arguments suggesting that it can be put under the spark officular events typology. The reason for that being that the event is a one rack up event and is an event, which comes under persons social activities such as football and music.The second event that will be analysed is Mitchell & Webb Live, which will take place at the Birmingham Hippodrome on 5th November. The event brings comedian duo David Mitchell and Robert Webb to the Hippodrome as part of their live tour. This event can be categorised under the additional events typology group. Getz states, A special event is a one time or infrequently occurring event outside the normal programme or activities of the sponsoring or organising body. (Getz 1997- lecture devote out)The terce event that will be analysed is the Survivor Series Tour, which is organised by sports entertainment keep company WWE. The even t will be held on 12th November 2006 at the NEC. This event can be categorised into the special events group. The reason for this is that it is part of a persons social interest and it is place where they can go with family and friends to the event.Getz 1997 states, To the customer or guest, a special event is an opportunity for leisure, social or cultural experience outside the normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience. (Getz 1997)The fourthly event, which will be analysed, is Little Britain Live, which will be held in The NIA. According to the NEC group website, David Walliams and Matt Lucas afford extended their phenomenal Little Britain Birmingham tour dates with a 14th night at The NIA on Saturday 9 December. (www.necgroup.co.uk)This event can be categorised in to the special events typology category, due to this event being a social interest event.The fifth event, which will evaluated is the BBL Cup Final that will be held in The NIA. The BBL Cup Final is the b asketball game tournament finals that will come to a climax in Birmingham. Also in the event are the womens basketball tournament finals.This type of event can be categorised under the hallmark typology. The reason for this is that it is a one off event. Theorist such as Ritchie 1984 defines a hallmark event as A major one-time or recurring event of confine duration, developed primarily to enhance the awareness appeal and profitability of a tourist destination in the short or long term. (Ritchie 1984)The final event is The Asian Mela 2006, which is to be held between 17-19 November 2006 at the NEC. The Asian Mela is an event targeted at the Asian community by holding an event that has Asian fashion, entertainment and many more experiences. This type of event can categorised in to the special events typology group. A special event recognises a unique moment in time with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific wishings. The reason for this being is that it relates to the cultural as pects of the Asian community and also can be an event that brings together race from incompatible backgrounds to celebrate Asian lifestyles and how it has made an impact in todays British society.The second part of this assignment will identify whether the events have been organised by personal, public or voluntary sectors.The Mph Show was organised by the fuel company shell. Shell is argueed a global group that produces oil, fuel and other(a) types of energy sources. The company is considered part of the private sector. Theorist such as Fardon state, The private sector compromises of businesses which are directly or indirectly in private ownership. (Fardon 2000)The Mitchell & Webb Live event is being presented at the Birmingham Hippodrome. The Hippodrome is a theatre, which is a charity run theatre. The charity The Friends of The Hippodrome is an organisation, which counts on donations from corporations such as Lloyds TSB and even donations from the public.The Survivor Series event, which is an event run by the sports entertainment company WWE. The company is a private limited company that runs live events mainly in the United States, but also tours the rest of the world.The Little Britain Live event, which is being shown at the NIA. The event is by the NIA group, which is cogitate with the city council. This sector can be put in the public sector, as it is part of the district council.The BBL Cup Final is an annual event, which is to be held at the NIA, is being organised by the British Basketball League Association. This is part of the public sector. Websites such as www.whatsis.techtarget.com have given a commentary to the public sector, which states, The public sector overlaps with the private sector in producing or providing certain goods and services. The extent of this overlap varies from country to country, state to state, province to province, and city to city.By evaluating this statement and relating it to events, the public sector needs sum form of assistance from the private sector such as funds and sponsorship. It can be an prefer for both private and public sectors, as the private sector organisation is getting good recognition by giving a helping hand to the public sector organisation.The Asian Mela event is presented by the Asian television station Zee and events firm Clarion Events. Both companies are part of the private sector.This part of the assignment will explain the impact that the actual events provision of the city has on visitor perceptions.When discussing event impacts there are various elements that need to be considered. These elements are as follows, social/cultural, economics, political and developmental. The social/cultural implications are to bring increased community spirit and bring people from different cultures to unify and enjoy the events. In todays world, there are many negative issues surrounding different cultures. It is vital that there are events that can bring people from different backgrounds and faiths so that they can enjoy them without any fear or scepticism.The economic side of the impact is that it can help with the cities revenue, resulting in the city take more events and even construct recent buildings to present the events. As Birmingham is one of the United Kingdoms visited places with hot spots such as The Bull Ring and The light Box for shopping and leisure and recreational areas like Star City and AMC. Which ever type of event is happening in Birmingham there is high fortuity of tourists staying over the local hotels and bed and breakfasts, which also is a plus for the local businesses as well as the city.The political element is that increases the cities national reputation and improves its profile.The developmental and environmental elements of having events in Birmingham are that it can have effects such as urban regeneration. This can have a tyrannical outcome on the less funded areas of the city.With the money generated from these event s, by giving the lesser funded areas resources to rejuvenate the area by constructing community centres for young people who have broken backgrounds to learn new skills and imbibe more of their lives.When considering these types of impacts for the events chosen for this assignment. The MPH Show will bring in many visitors who have an interest for exotic and concept cars, these are also known as petrol heads. The main target market for this event will be 18-30 mainly male. The economic side of the event will be a benefit as it is running for three days, this is a bonus for hotels as there will be visitors from outside of Birmingham who may want to go to the show, whilst site seeing and going to local businesses.The political element will be affected, as Birmingham was once home to the motor show. By having this type of event with a well-known host such as Jeremy Clarkson may not replace the revenue and the publicity that the city used to get from the motor show, but it will be a ste pping-stone to bringing in similar types of events to the city.The BBL Cup Final will target mainly basketball fans from different ages. Although basketball is not one of Englands favourite sports, a minority can be targeted effectively.The economic element will bring in the minority of basketball fans through as much advertising there can be. This can also be a positive for accommodation businesses.Whether or not the NIA is going to stop being the host of the tournaments finals, it will be a positive for the city council, which can attract other indoor sports events.The Survivor Series event will be targeting mainly young males aged 16 and over. However, there has been an increase in female attendances to the sports entertainment events. Although the company is originated in the United States, the business does have strong relations within the UK. This can bring in tourists from outer Birmingham and even out of England. This resulting in massive revenue for hotels and other local businesses.The Mitchell and Webb Live and Little Britain Live events will both have similar type of element results. The target for these events are going to be varied as the events are based on shows from television, this is a positive because it can attract young and older generations. Economically it will be good for the city as these events are apart of a long tour, generating revenue for local businesses. This will raise the profile of the city by having well known comedy gigs and even make aware of other comedy performances to add the city to their tours in the near future.The Asian Mela event will target mainly the Asian community and even target other cultures, as it is known that different cultures are adapting Asian fashion in to their lifestyles. This will be a good event for local businesses, as the event will attract tourists from other regions. Regarding the political element, this is an event that will be popular as the more it goes grows with the community, there wi ll be more ideas for events for other cultures. By attracting the non Asian community to the event, it can bring a unity to the general public and let the people know that there is room for understanding to the cultures and not the dark cloud that hangs around the Asian community as misinterpreted in todays media.The final part of this assignment will consider local residents attitudes to the events within their city.When events such as the MPH Show come into Birmingham, residents attitudes are going to be stereotypical. They may assume that the event may attract a group of hooligans and maybe concerned that there will be a riot of some sort. The residents will more likely welcome the dissipated events the BBL Cup Final and the Survivor Series Tour, as they are events the whole family can go and watch. The basketball finals tournament is something in which the local residents can be proud that their city is part of. This can result in pride in association with the city. It can also be a positive for locals because it is bringing in tourists and even be welcomed by shops and other business.The comedy events Little Britain Live and Mitchell & Webb Live will be welcomed, as both events are family friendly and are based on television shows that are well known.Birmingham is known for being a cultured city, with evidence being backed up by Birmingham City Councils webpage which provides statistics in the form of charts.One way of showing this is by holding an event targeted for its Asian community, The Asian Mela. As Birmingham has a high percentage of Asians as one of its many ethnic groups, the Asian community will welcome the event. By holding this event, it can even attract other people from different ethnic groups and be welcomed by everyone. A family event for al to enjoy the community will be proud to have it in their city.In conclusion a city such as Birmingham will welcome it. The main factor is that it can hold majority of events within its venues such as the NEC, the NIA and the Symphony Hall. Bringing in more events will increase tourism and revenue for the city. This is a plus as the money generated from the events can go on to bring in more opportunities for people with different interests and backgrounds. Making the city a hotspot for events.

Compare and Contrast London by William Blake and Island Man by Grace Nichols Essay

Comp atomic number 18 and Contrast capital of the United Kingdom by William Blake and Island Man by deck Nichols. Consider How Each Poem Conveys election Attitudes To Life And Society.IntroductionThe verse capital of the United Kingdom written by William Blake (1757 1827) is a clever meter. Although we can appreciate it, and register William Blakes themes, it was non understood or valued when it was written exclusively those years ago. In pedigree the numbers Island Man written by saving grace Nichols is a contemporary poem. The single idea that brings these devil poems together is that they be both more or less the urban center of capital of the United Kingdom. Island Man is in linguistic process that we understand to twenty-four hours, Blakes poem uses the English language of the eighteenth century.Brief Historical BackgroundWilliam Blake was born in a district of London called Westminister on the 28th November 1757. His obvious artistic talent lead his draper scr am to enter him into Pars Drawing School in the strand. This lead on to him later beingness apprenticed to James Basire, an engraver who worked for the Royal Society of Antiquaries. He married Catherine Boucher in the August of 1972 when he became a freelance engraver. Blake was an accomplished artist in existencey areas, not only did he write novels and poems, he was also interested politics and religion but he could paint and engrave to a actually high standard. Blake was introduced by Joseph Johnson to other radical commemorateers of the day including Mary Wollst anecraft, William Godwin, Joseph Priestley and Thomas Paine. In his books such as The French Revolution 1791, and America A Prophecy 1793.He developed his attitude of revolt against authority, compounding political belief and visionary ecstasy. The political situation of the time was such that some of his work was printed anomalously because he feared government persecution. In 1800 Blake moved to Felpham where he b egan work on his epic poem, Milton and Jerusalem. In these poems Blake reveals his brotherly criticism combined with prophecy and biblical legend. In 1803 Blake was charged with high treason on the testimony of a drunken soldier named John Scofield fortunately he was acquitted and moved back to London. Blake died in obscurity in 1827 and was buried in an unmarked grave at Bunhill Fields.The poem London is seemingly drawn from Blakes own experiences of the London in which he lived. He dictum London for the hell hole that it was through the look of a man that seemed to feel all the poverty and degradation of bothday emotional state that ordinary people understood. His ghostlike beliefs embraced Unitarianism a genuinely simplistic form of Christian worship which was in direct confrontation to the Church of England and all its values. This sensitive artistic man saw all the horrific abuses in society, and this poem was his way of making people confront the problems. Even though he did not have a tooth root to the problems, he wanted people to face up to the problems and try to work together to make their society a better place.Main Criticism of LondonTitleBlake chose the simple title London to engage his readers interest about their capital city. London was the heart of the country, the city of government. It was a type of fountain and majesty. As the reader would examine the poem besides they would realise how ambiguous the title really was. Blake was preparing the reader for a powerful poem, but the power of the poem was in showing the reader how sordid their beloved city really was.Type of PoemThis poem is warning the social unit of Londons population just how hideous the real face of the city was. Blake was behaving like a prophet advising that people should fundamentally change their way of life. Runs in kin down Palace walls is a caution to people in authority that if they continued on their course of closing their eyes to the poor and the con ditions in which they lived, what had happened in France namely the Revolution and the slaughter of the Monarchy making France a republic would happen in Britain. The theme of constraint and social control runs through the whole of the poem. flock could not choose how they lived their lives.Subject of Poem & Its TreatmentThe subject of Blakes work includes the exploitation of people and their eventual corruption in every conjectural part of society. How the youthful Harlots curse. Blake explains here that these young people had no choice but to resort to prostitution. Society corrupted them and they whence in turn became sinful and corrupted.VoiceThe poem is written through the eyes of one person, but this person wants you to experience all the oppression and social injustice that is all around. This person has strong beliefs and is prepared to stand up and speak out for those who are less fortunate than himself. I wander thro begins the poem and so sets the reader on their own ain journey through the disgraceful city of London.Mood & ToneA desperate and anticipateless clime runs through the whole of this poem, it is negative and offers no solution to the terrible torment that the people suffer. And mark in every face I meet label of weakness marks of sufferingfulness. Blake makes no secret of the fact that he sees misery, illness and oppression in every individual that he meets.Form & StructureThe coordinate of this poem consists of four stanzas each of which contains four lines, this is known as a quatrain. Blake chose this arrangement to reflect the idea of control and authority with great effect. The monotonous body structure of this poem reflects the way in which life is played out. This poem is very much like a ballad in that it tells a story of a walk through London and the terrible suspirets to be seen. Blake shows his genius in the third stanza when every first garner of the line spells the cry hear, this being the last word of the secon d stanza. This technique is known as an acrostic, and is usually used in romantic poems, however in this case the poet uses this skill to accent the message of the poem, being that society must listen to his warning of approaching doom.RhymeThe rhyme scheme of this poem is ABAB. It is regular and gives a experience of control. The fibber is obviously sure of his ideas and completely confident in the knowledge that he holds the moral high ground.RhythmThe rhythm of this poem reflects the rhyming scheme in that it is very controlled in order to make the poets point of view quite clear. There is a continued steady beat, which seems to reiterate the poets ideas.imaginativenessImagery features throughout this poem from beginning to end. Feelings and ideas are evoked by Blakes particular choice of language. Every blackning Church appals. How can the reader not fail to appreciate the distressing nature of this poem when this line is read. A Church should be a place of God, holy and pure . This Church was black, which suggested unholyness, and ungodliness. The blackness underlines the feelings of despair and helplessness A Church should be welcoming, it should not repel people.The blackness of the Church businesss deeply with the red of the blood that runs down Palace walls. The blood is an two-bagger of the violence that is all around. A very strong image is The mind-forgd manacles I hear. Obviously the peoples positions were being controlled they had no liberty of thought. The image of the physical manacle is powerful when it is used in the context of peoples minds and thoughts being constrained. And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. We see in this image the finale of marriage and the death of family values, marriage is under threat. Married men were known to visit prostitutes.In this final line galore(postnominal) ideas are represented, one would not expect the word hearse which represents death and the ceremony of a funeral in the same line as the word Marriage which represents life and the ceremony of a wedding. The word plague in this line conjures up the idea that it is inevitable that society will fall apart, it is inescapable, and the very fabric of society was rotten. Marks of weakness, marks of woe. In this line thoughts of oppression appear on individuals faces. It is noticeable that social injustice has made them weary and downtrodden. The word mark is used to convey two different meanings, firstly how he notices these people, and secondly the physical marks of oppression on the peoples faces.LanguageThe poet chooses the words he uses very carefully to invoke very specific ideas. Plague is a word associated with suffering and helplessness. Woe is used to convey feelings of distress and oppression. Runs in blood makes us think of violence and the atrociousness of life. Harlots curse shows us the negative side of the sordid life in which they lived. These words appear throughout the poem, powerfully showing the idea s Blake feels is his responsibleness to share with society.TechniquesIn every and cry are repeated. This is to get the point across very forcefully. The effect of the terrible conditions in which people lived stretched across the whole of society. Cry in this context shows their fear, they are not screaming, they are experiencing internal agony. The full spectrum of people were marked. Blake is quite revolutionary in the line In every Cry of every Man. He uses the word Man to mean every ordinary man, they were important. Alliteration is used to great effect in the phrase Soldiers sigh. The words are bound together intensifying the feeling of the desperation that these royal servants felt. In the line Marks of weakness, marks of woe the alliteration strengthens the repetition technique. How the youthful Harlots curse Blasts the new-born Infants tear.This is an example of enjambment, the rhythm and thought are continued from one line to the other and is reflective of the flow of the Thames that runs through London. Runs in blood is a very powerful metaphor, the idea of oppression is cleverly communicated through this technique. Mind-forgd manacles is used to illustrate just how oppressed people felt not only in body but also in spirit. The poem starts with the personal pronoun I. The poet wants us to understand that he has strong personal beliefs contained within this poem. He is prepared to stand by these beliefs and try to make the reader understand his views on society and social justice. Blake puts the words Man, Chimney-sweep, Church, Soldier and Palace in capital letters. Here he is emphasising the importance of every surgical incision of society, and how each word symbolises every section of that particular status.SensesThe poet appeals to our sense of sight and sound in his poem. In stanza one the sense appealed to is visual talking about the river Thames and the streets of London full of business activity. Blake concentrates on the physical surrounding s. One stanza is in direct contrast to the other. The word cry is repeated several times, this together with Soldiers sigh gives the reader an understanding of the pitiful sounds that surrounded the poet as he journeyed through London. The poet wants us to listen to everything he says, he emphasises this in the third stanza with the first letter of every line spells the word hear. Our sense of sight cannot help but be engaged by Every blackning Church. Black is a colour associated with evil and bad happenings.TensesThe poem was written in the present tense. All the sights and sounds he experiences are happening now and need to be turn to immediately. Society needs to examine itself and change. Punctuation is used by the poet to control the rhythm and the pace. The commas are used to list the many problems that are witnessed In every voice, in every ban. The poet also uses other techniques of punctuation such as a colon in the line Every blackning Church appals. This is to narrate between two different subjects being the Church and the Monarchy, it is to make clear who he is accusing of being hypercritical and who he is accusing of being violent.The do on the ReaderThe effects on the reader are quite profound, we are left reflecting and investigateing what is really going on in society. Blake hoped his poem would make a difference and reach people who could make society a happier and fairer place to live. He offers no solution towards the end of the poem, but hopes that others would think about the problems that he sees and make some effort towards change for the better.Brief Historical BackgroundGrace Nichols was born in Gorge Town, Guyana in 1950. She grew up in a small coastal village and moved to the city when she was 8 years old. As a child she lived through the countries struggle for independence. She has worked as a teacher and a journalist and has a strong interest in Guyanese folk tales. Grace arrived in Britain at the age of 17, livery with her t he warmth of her Caribbean sensibility. Her poems celebrate sensuality and generosity, and attack petty mean-spiritedness. She has won many awards and prizes and is especially noted for her contribution to childrens literature.The poet spent her informative years in the Caribbean and so sees London in a different perspective from someone who has lived at that place all their lives. Grace Nichols also has a completely different ethnical background to someone who has been brought up in London.Main Criticism of Island ManTitleThe title represents solitude and isolation, an island represents a place of escape and provokes feelings of a vivid environment. Man is universal it is anon. and could mean any single man. We see here the similarities with Blakes poem London in that his poem is from the perspective of an anonymous man.Type of PoemThe poem is about a man who has a dream about a beautiful island, he would love this island to be his reality, however his reality is Another London d ay. The theme of pleasant solitude and peaceful isolation runs through this poem. There is a free lifestyle and a sense of liberty that combined with naturalness makes this poem easily readable. The poems are both come to with the reality of London life. They maybe set at different times, but they both set in the same city and both are dissatisfied with London life.Subject of Poem & Its TreatmentThe subject of Grace Nichols poem is the wonderful quality of life on an island compared to the dull lifestyle of contemporary London. More than half the poem is taken up with the description of the island, we wonder therefore if the poet would rather be on the island than in London. The poet has experienced two different ways of life and seems to prefer the island life. In Blakes poem however, Blake doesnt seem to have experienced another way of life, his poem just concentrates on the appalling conditions f London.VoiceThis poem is written through the eyes of one person. This person wants you to understand just what its like to live on a beautiful island and then come back to the dull reality of their life as it is now.Mood & ToneThe mood of this poem is one of longing. The poet wants to escape into her fantasy of island life. The fantasy is in stark contrast to her life now. Her sense of hope emerges when she describes the island breaking and wombing is a phrase that reflects on nature and natural happenings, it gives hope. Despair seems to return when she describes London. The sadness appears in the poem when the dream ends, and he wakes up to reality, island man heaves himself he is weary before the day even begins. This is in stark contrast to Blakes poem where desperation and hopelessness for everybody runs through the poem. In Grace Nichols poem, island man feels sorry for himself because he hasnt got the quality of life he wants.Form & StructureThe structure of this poem is haphazard it is obscure and has no particular form. It is purposefully freestyle and r eflects a modern poem. The distinct irregularity and variety of each line length is planned. It reflects island life which isnt planned. This is in distinct contrast to Blakes poem which is in the form of a quatrain.RhymeThe part of the poem that deals with island life has no rhyme, however when we come back to London in the third stanza we see one rhyme soar and roar. This suggests that there is some structure and control to reality of city life. These words have an bellicose violent sound, they seem to symbolise the aggressive life of London. This is a contrast with Blakes poem which has a rhyme scheme of ABAB which helps him to convey a sense of controlled aggression throughout his poem.RhythmThe rhythm of this poem reflects the poets thoughts. A dream follows no set pattern, and neither does this poem. This contrasts with Blakes poem which is very controlled and obviously not a dream but a living nightmare.ImageryImagery features throughout the poem. Feelings and ideas are evok ed by Grace Nichols particular choice of language. Morning this is the first line of the poem, just one word. Morning conjures up images of a hopeful start to the beginning of a new day there might be new opportunities in the new day ahead. Wombing is a word that invokes feelings of a safe environment. He is surrounded by the sound of dismal surf and is in a womb of his own making. Feelings of the continuing cycle of life are reflected by the use of this word. Wild seabirds is written again on its own line to emphasise the importance of nature, they were completely free. However nature worked in harmony with inhabitants of this island, fishermen were a fond computer storage of island man. The poet highlights the fact that the lie rises in the east the sun is a symbol of life giving and newness, the light of a new day. The east symbolises an area of beauty and mystical ideas. many religions pray facing east, this is a very positive idea. His small emerald island. Emeralds are very precious gems, they are beautiful and unique like the island to the island man. The island is his treasure, his to own, he belongs there. The memory of his island enables him to exist in the realities of city life. His frequent dreams and thoughts always bring him back to where he believes he really belongs. When the poem comes back to reality the images are of greyness metallic sands, these are not natural. We are reminded of the grey and dismal polluted streets of London. It was not a natural environment. The use of the word north has connotations of coldness and harshness. The North Circular is a road that the inhabitants of London travel around, it is a controlled motorway and symbolises the hectic pace of city life. A circular road around the city makes the reader think that island man is now in a life that he cant get out of.In Grace Nicholss poem there are many images of nature, quite unlike Blakes poem where even the river Thames is exploited and controlled. The seabirds were wild they were completely free, quite unlike Blakes poem where there were mind-forgd manacles. In Blakes poem there is no escape from the realities of life, of the helplessness and despair that surrounded him. In Grace Nicholss poem she has an escape, she escapes into her dreams.LanguageGrace Nichols uses the language of today. She uses modern words such as groggily and muffling. Blake would have had no idea what these words would have meant. She uses words to contrast ideas such as the east representing island life and the north representing London life. Grace Nichols is not as detailed or aggressive as Blake but they do have the same attitude to London life. Blue surf represents island life whilst grey metallic represents London life. The whole of Blakes poem consists of negative language over half of Grace Nicholss poem, the part that deals with island life consists of positive language.TechniquesGrace Nichols uses the repetition of the word groggily to move from one part of the poem to the other, it is a turning point it separates island life from reality. Island man does not want to leave the island, it is an unpleasant experience in which the island man is confused. Repetition is again used in Muffling muffling to emphasise the fact that although his dream was clear, real life is confusing. Blake also uses a repetition technique, but he uses it to convey his ideas. An example of alliteration in Grace Nicholss poem is sun surfacing. This paints a picture in the readers mind of the sun rising over the water, a very powerful image of island life. Blake again uses alliteration in the same way to evoke effective images. Enjambment is used to great effect, the poem is at random with irregular lines to reflect the randomness of a dream and the confusion felt well awaking. Blakes poem also has thoughts running from one line to the other.The poem Island Man is written in the third person, it communicates a sense of detachment and could well be someone elses experience, there must be many people in London who are away from home and feel a sense of isolation even tough they are surrounded by hoards of people. In comparison Blakes poem was written in the first person making London a more personal poem. The same senses are evident in both poems, each of the poems only deal with sight and sound, but are treated in different ways. The poem Island Man sights and sounds are linked sound of blue surf gives the reader an idyllic image of a perfect island beach. In the poem London the whole of the first stanza is concerned with sight and the whole of the second stanza is concerned with sound.TensesThe poem Island Man is written in the present tense in modern-day London. In comparison the poem London although also written in the present tense is concerned with 18th century London.PunctuationGrace Nicholss technique of using suddenly no punctuation what so ever is very effective, it communicates the idea of freedom and a dream like state. There ar e no rules in this poem, thought continues from one line to the other. His crumpled pillow waves island man heaves himself. This is in direct contrast to Blakes poem which is ruled by punctuation. The poem has either a comma, full stop or colon.Effect on the ReaderIsland Man in the first half of the poem is very bright and satisfied and shows a very natural and free way of life, which every reader could identify me with and would hope to aspire to. The second part of the poem deals with the reality of London life again, which many people can identify with. In contrast Blakes poem London is a very gloomy poem all the way through.

Purchasing and Supply Organization Department

I contacted a consultant for Mansell Ltd. and a great deal of information was ga thered and analyzed. The following advice would be given for ways of improving their purchasing and supply presidency. Currently, Mansell Ltd. Operates from six sites and has a central purchasing and stock control department in the North of England. Upon an analysis of the company, it has been found that posts for yieldion materials have been placed with over 6000 different companies during the last four years.There are many benefits to be gained from stealing from a little bet of suppliers. The purchasing and supply department would be better organized and thus more efficient if less supply companies were used. Purchasing supplies from fewer companies would dissolvent in better pricing of supplies. For example, if the company purchased the same items from several different companies, it is probably getting charged more. Purchasing the same item from only unrivalled company will result in saving s for the number of items bought because many companies give a discount for large quantities of items purchased.When using the same companies for purchasing, a resonance between the two is possible. When a supplier retires that his/her products will be needed by a certain company, he/she will be more in all probability to have those products more readily available. For example, if the seller knows that the vendee needs a thousand items each week, the seller will make sure that those items are in stock and will save themfor the purchaser instead of selling them to another company.The more sellers, the more confusion there will be. Even with computer technology, having so many sellers presents a logistical problem. A purchasing and supply organization should follow certain employment fundamentals. Low cost, quality, and timeless are fundamental to the business. think is required.Buying from fewer companies results in fewer persons to deal with. Six thousand suppliers are a large number to be dealing with. Those are far too many suppliers involved. Keeping up with that great a number of suppliers would sustentation several people in the purchasing department busy. In golf-club to become more efficient and use fewer numbers of man-hours, using fewer suppliers is the answer.Diversity is good in some instances. However, the purchasing and supply organization is not one of them. In fact, diversity only caused unnecessary confusion, and too many chances for problems. Purchasing is one of the vital parts of any company. The products acquired enable the business to create or generate its product. There are a diverse number of potential suppliers, as evidenced by the6,000 suppliers that have been utilized in the past. This number makes purchasing a chore instead of an easy adventure. The purchasing department needs as few challenges as possible. Eliminating a number of suppliers cuts master on the challenge they pose.With insight into the management of the purch asing and supply departments inner workings, many of the sellers can be eliminated. It would not be prudent to reduce the number to a handful of suppliers, what with the market what it is, just now there is certainly no need for a great number of suppliers.Purchasers and buyers have a specific function. Purchasers and buyers anticipate to obtain the highest quality merchandise at the lowest possible purchase cost for their employers. (In general, purchasers buy goods and services for the use of their company or organization whereas buyers buy items for resale.) They determine which commodities or services are best, choose the suppliers of the product or service, negotiate the lowest price, and award contracts that ensure the correct amount of the product or service is received at the appropriate time. In order to accomplish these tasks successfully, purchasers and buyers study sales records and inventory levels of current stock, identify foreign and domestic suppliers, and keep ab reast of changes affecting both the supply of and demand for products and materials for which they are responsible (Anonymous, 1998, PG).The way to reduce the number of suppliers would be as follows. An analysis of past purchases is required. judge which companies have the best products for the lowest price. This is not the only factor to consider, however. Other issues, such as ability to get the product to Mansell Ltd. in a apropos fashion is also historic. Lower prices do not matter if the product does not get there when it is fit to Steele and Court (1996), the understanding of purchasing is detailed to a companys long-term ability to profit, and its survival as a company. Understanding of purchasing includes the knowledge of how best to buy resources. This includes the sellers from whom the product is purchased as well as the amount of supplies that are purchased and when they are purchased (Steele & Court, 1996).Check out the competition. Ask for samples. Make sure that th e seller can deliver when he/she says he/she will, the amount of product that was agreed upon, and at or below the agreed upon cost.Proper training for the purchasing staff is vital. Regular meetings must be held. All purchasers must know the guidelines of the company. Training programs that teach the purchasers about the best manner in which to perform their jobs is important. A typical training program should include instruction by educate personnel that covers specified goals and only lasts for a day or two. Not a great deal of time should be taken up with training, but the training is vital. The proper changes must be implemented as soon as it is possible.Negotiation with potential suppliers is important. Having a good rapport between the buyer and the seller is also important. The buyer should travel to the prospective sellers company and see what the company has to offer. One-on-one meetings are still important. By getting out there and getting to know the seller, the buyer w ill become more than a faceless person in the North of England. He/shebecomes a real person. Making acquaintances is important for business. A bond should be created between the buyer and the seller. Together the two can have a working relationship that is beneficial to the both of them.According to Killen and Kamauff (1995), purchasing is a planning process. The purchaser should determine both short and long-term needs for business operation. The purchasing function must be controlled. By doing this, its conformance to expectation levels can be ensured. Evaluations are important on a cyclic basis (Killen Kamauff, 1995).The buyer should be able to negotiate with the seller. likely sellers should be able to give better prices for larger quantities. This allows the purchaser to make better decisions. The seller should be able to meet the needs of the buyer. If he/she does not, accordingly that is not the company to deal with. The buyer does not need added stress he/she needs product s as they are required. When a seller is given the lions care of purchases, he/she can more readily fill the orders.A purchaser must have certain tactics. Those tactics include such items as exposure management, supply positioning, and suppliers preferences. He/she must be able to work with others. Communication is vital for the purchaser. Teamwork is a necessary element of purchasing. Constant reevaluation is necessary (Steele & Court, 1996).According to Malley (1998), the network is a viable tool for purchasing departments. Barbara Chilson is the vice president and general manager of Internet commerce for her company, which is W. W. Grainger. In Chilsons opinion, the advent of purchasing supplies electronically, increasingly referred to as paperless purchasing, can be attributed to a variety of factors and emerging technology (Malley, 1998).Purchasing is vital to Mansell Ltd. The purchasing department must streamline and make changes in order to make Mansell Ltd. be as profitab le as possible. Having too many suppliers results in chaos. This can be resolved by reducing the number of suppliers. engineering science is another important consideration. Purchasing of some items can be done online, which saves time and money.

Disadvantage of Science Essay

* Due to advancement of acquaintance, the identity and cultures are faded the diseases are produced at an alarming rate and befoulment is increased in geometric ratio. * Because of the advancement of science in unwanted business, people are so busy that even a child cannot make a father. * Many illegal and prohibited works are increased.* One is not able to take a sound sleep and breathe young air. * The black history of Hiroshima and Nagasaki shows how dreadful the unwanted advancement in science has been made. * The misuse of science and its inventions have bought human life in complete destruction. It has invented genuinely powerful weapons corresponding thermonuclear bomb, missiles, hydrogen bomb and so on which can destroy the property and can lost large sum of money, which has detrimental effects on other aspects merely we minutely realized it, it will surely lead to success. * Nuclear energy is useful but disposal of nuclear waste poses a serious problem to humanity. * Insecticides have increased the food supply but they a lot of harm to birds, fishes and useful insects.* Chemistry which is alike a branch of science has given many drugs like cocaine, brown sugar etc. which are proving a curse to the society. * Vibration coming from expeditious phone affects our heart and brain, touch sreen mobile phones can lead to finger cancer and its result can be much too dangerous for us. * apprehension and technology has made our life too smaller. It can be proved by comparing the life time of our ancestors and us. Our ancestors lived for more than 80 years but now the life ratio has come down and reached to maximum of seventy years.* The disadvantages of science has not only grabbed us but also grabbed the living creatures like animals, insects, bees, etc. * The vibration produced from mobile phones kills bees. Some years aft(prenominal) end of honey bees whole life of human life will also finish. * Animals depict problem in taking breathe due to har mful gases being produced from industries and factories dependent on science and technology. From all above comments we can say that although science and technology has great advantages but all are small near its disadvantages we should use it only in necessity, not in the work which can comfortably be done by us.Homemade Egg Cake(Without Using Oven) /Pressure Cooker cakeIngredientsPlain flour (maida) 1 and 1/2 cup small-grained sugar 1 cupEgg 1Plain butter 1/2 cupBaking soda 1 teaspoon take out 1 cupVanilla essence 1 teaspoonMethodCake Preparation Mix powdered sugar and butter together and bid them pretty hard till the mixture becomes light and fluffy.Beat the egg very well until it becomes lighter and looks like double the original quantity.Add the overcome egg to sugar-butter mixture and Mix well thoroughly.In a bowl, add plain flour (maida) and baking powder and sieve it to avoid any lump. right away gradually add this maida mixture, to the egg-sugar-butter batter.As you stir the mixture, it will become dense. Add some milk in small amount to make it smooth.Repeat the affect of adding maida and then milk as required, till batter should look fluffy and soft.Add Vanilla essence to the batter and again blend thoroughly.Now grease the baking tin (or cake tin) with butter.Use aluminium tine for baking and it can easily get into the pressure cooker.Pour the mixture into the greased baking tin.Put the sand in the pressure cooker 1/4 filled and heat the pressure cooker on high flame for 2 minutes. Lower the flame from high to low after 2 minutes.Now put the cake tin containing the cake batter, interior the cooker.( Do not put water inside the pressure cooker)Close the cooker with cloth(use of holding the cloth is to absorb water vapour) and put another plate over the cloth( see the below image).Let it cook for 40 minutes, then switch take the heat. Do not open the lid immediately.After 10 minutes open the lid to check whether the cake is done. Put a knife inside the cake to test whether the cake is completely cooked or not.If the mixture will not stick on it, means that cake is done.

The Short Cut Home

putz and his friends were discussing the rumours about a street which is a shortcut from school to his house. They were talking about how the street is deserted, with only ace house in the middle.When they were walking fellowship from school the pace of Peters steps increased as they went past it. Peter felt a shiver waiver down his spine. The street was pitch black as there were no streetlights. There were wooden stick outks boarding up the windows.The next day, Peter was going home from school. It was dark and he was walking alone as he had got an hours detention after school for swearing at a teacher. He thought to himself that he should take the shortcut home as he was late. Suddenly he stopped. He thought about the things his friends had been talking about. A murder happened here 2 days ago Laura said. He was thinking should he go or not. All that stuff is nonsense he thought and stepped into the dark, pitched black street.At first it felt normal, but as he kept on going he saw a strange light flicker in the old, abandoned house. He jumped and stopped. Should he go jeopardize or keep walking? Peter deep in his thoughts went nearer to the house. He didnt know what he was thinking. As he reached nearer and nearer to the house, he felt his neck tingle. The window was high so Peter got a small box and primed(p) in under the sill.He looked and peeped through a small hole in the plank. He could see out of the corner of his eye a gentle hu gentlemankind. A thin man, tall with a long overcoat on. He had a shiny kitchen knife. Peter of a sudden saw a woman on the scandalize with tape masked over her babble out. Her hands and feet were tied.BANGPeter fell off the box. The man heard the sound and ran to the front door. Peter swiftly went to the back of the house and hid behind a bush. The man shouted Whos there? Peter, not knowing what he should do stayed deadly still. He felt the footsteps regulateting walking(prenominal) and closer. Thoughts were runni ng through his mind. Why did I come here? What should I do? Run or stay? If he ran he might get caught but he might still get caught just staying there. The man kept getting closer and closer. Peter could hear his heart beating.Then the footsteps suddenly stopped.Peter was sure he was still there but at the same time he was sure that he had gone.He peeped over bush. The man was walking back, checking the grounds as he was going. Peter desperate to get out of there ran as fast as he could.The man stealthily shifted round and saw a glimpse of Peters lawsuit. He ran after Peter. Peter was running as fast as he could, trying to catch his breath. The man reached out and he was about two-three centimetres away from him. He grabbed Peter. He was shake up to death and he burst into tears.The man took Peter quickly into his house.As Peter entered he could see his own breath. It was cold. Peter felt like he was entering a freezer. He saw the woman lying on the floor. Her mouth masked and he r hands and feet tied together. There were knives on the floor next to the woman. Peter jumped and screamed. The man put his hand over Peters mouth and commanded him to Shut up or youll get the same thing as the woman.Peter slowly calmed down and got his breath back. Thoughts were running through his mind. Should he go for the door? What did he mean by saying the same thing as the woman? Was he going to permit him go? Maybe it was just a plan to shut him up.Look, this is the important thing. Youve got to promise me something explained the man. Peter nodded his head. If I let you go, youve got to promise not to tell a soul about what you saw in this house. purge if you mention one tiny bit then Im coming after you.Peter nodded in fear.Ill be onto you faster than a dog on a cat. Dont underestimate me lad. If you cross me then youve had it. Understood? shouted the man.Peter let out a low grunt.The man led Peter to the door and let him go. He ran as fast as he could until the dark, pi tched black street disappeared and he reached the gentle, warm glow of the streetlights.When Peter got home he went up the stairs and quickly got into his bed.Peter woke up the next day feeling much better. He went to school with a big bright smile on his face looking like nothing happened to him. As he reached school he decided that he should tell his mates what happened as he thought the man doesnt even know where he lives so how can he do anything to him? His mates didnt believe him at first but eventually they did. Peter wasnt scared of the man anymore.That evening, when Peter reached home after school, his phone rang. He picked it up.Hello, Peter said.Youre dead, barked a hard voice.Peter realised it was the man from the house.I know where you live and Im coming to get you

Henry VIII †Success or Failure? Essay

atomic number 1 the eighth was born in 1491. His fathers good reign meant that Henry succeeded the sess without any problem. He became king in 1509. He was courageous and skilled, also ruthless and savage virtuoso of his first actions was to behead two hated task collectors. This made him popular. He married Catherine of Aragorn his brothers widow. This was against church rules, but the Pope gave special permission.Henry spent whole of the money his father had apt(p) him on battle against France. This was the battle of Spurs, 1513 the French spurred their horses and ran away straight away. Meanwhile, Scotland attacked England. Catherine of Aragorn and Henrys nobles quickly built up an army. A tactical error on the side of the Scots meant that Scotland lost and suffered a political disaster.He also had many friends one famous one was Thomas Wolsey. Wolseys intelligence had meant that he hade gone from rags to riches. Henry made him rich and powerful many spate said that Wo lsey was more powerful than Henry. However, when Wolsey asked the Pope not to grant Henrys divorce, Henry told him to attend a court trial which meant that he would go back to rags. Wolsey died just before the trial.Henrys divorce is one of the roughly important religious changes in History. To acquire it, he changed Englands church so that it was separate (but still Catholic) from the Pope who wouldnt grant him a divorce. He thusly simply asked his archbishop to grant him a divorce. This created the Church of England and later meant that England would become Protestant.In order to get a son, he married three times. He then married another three times. He married Catherine of Aragorn, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard and Katherine Parr. Of these, 2 were beheaded.He decided to shut down the monasteries, possibly due to the fact that they possess 1/4 of Englands land and were very rich his excuse was that some did a deplorable job. The 1535 Black Book of the Monasteries was a biased invoice on how well the monasteries functioned. By 1536, many smaller monasteries had been shut.In Yorkshire, where the monasteries were very good, there was an uprising of 30,000 men. Henry crushed this by lying to the rebels, waiting until they disbanded and then breaking his promise. This meant that by 1540, nearly 400 monasteries and their lands were owned by the king. Henry spent his last years fighting with Spain and France.To determine whether Henry was successful of not, we mustiness first think, what is a successful king? What makes an unsuccessful king? Kings and Queens such as Mary Tudor and King John have frequently been called distresss because they were not popular. At times, Henry was not popular at all he had a great uprising. Does this mean that he was definitely a failure?Henry did many good and bad things during his reign. He was very ruthless he executed many people without proper reason. He spent all of his money on wars. He lied and was arrogant and greedy. He also protected England from attacking countries. He changed the church and destroyed the monasteries. His son succeeded the throne without any problem.Henry himself had a bad personality. He did, however, improve the country a lot, keep it safe from opposing countries and keep his Barons and rebels under control. If you look at it one way, Henry had a bad personality, married 6 times and would not have been a very nice person to be with (he executed people without thinking). He was however a very successful king and England did gain a lot from him. He went to a lot of trouble to prevent political disaster and acquire a male heir. If creation a successful king requires a good personality, then Henry was a failure. But if being a good king depends on how many good things he did for his country, he would have been a successful king.Henry did however, do many bad things that some other failure monarchs would probably not have done, such as ignore a nd mistreat his children/wives and fall out with the Catholic Church. In conclusion, Henry VI was a dictator and a failure, but his motives were not all bad and he, although using ruthless measures did succeed in his main aim to take into custody the throne of England with a male heir. Therefore overall, if the historian studies what he achieved, then he achieved a great deal more than many other monarchs and is thence a success.

The War That Never Ends(Veterans)

The War that Never Ends- Soldiers suffering with Post Traumatic nidus disorder The impact of deployment and especially war-zone experiences on the well-being of army personnel and veterans continues to receive growing attention. The army operation in Iraq and Afghanistan continues to raise crucial questions close the effect of the experience on the mental wellness of members of the multitude armed function who have been deployed there (Hoge et al. ,2004). Combat exposure has been linked to an array of negative health consequences, some notably post traumatic stress disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder).According to the DSM-IV-TR, posttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that coffin nail develop in a person after a traumatic experience in which the person has experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others. According to the Surgeon General, of those individuals experiencing extreme traumatic events, nine percent develop PTSD. Approximately 50% of those cases will put across to a normal mental health state in less than a year.After one year, women were twice as likely to continue with symptoms of traumatic stress. some sentences dubbed emotional mental health disorders such as acute stress, depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ar common by products of military combat (Soldiers psychogenic Health, 2007). During the accepted U. S. -led war on terrorism a campaign initiated following Sept. 11, 2001, attacks against U. S. tens of thousands of soldiers deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq have been diagnosed with such conditions (Soldiers Mental Health, 2007). While some military veterans seek health check treatment after they return to the U.S. , many do not, beginning what often becomes a life long battle with mental illness (Soldiers Mental Health, 2007). Further much, the indiv iduals chemical reaction involved intense fear, stand bylessness, or horror. The individual must also experience at least one symptom of intensive recollections, at least third symptoms of avoidance/numbing, and at least two symptoms of hyper arousal. Symptoms of hyper-arousal include sleep problems, irritability, concentration problems, hyper-vigilance, and exaggerated startle response. All symptoms must be present for one month or longer.In order for PTSD to be diagnosed as a disorder, clinically signifi abidet distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important beas of fractioning must be present. PTSD received official recognition and a separate diagnostic heading with the DSM-III publication in 1980. However, the symptoms of PTSD have been accepted for centuries. During the Civil War, generals noted that the troops were suffering from irritable heart or effort syndrome, in World War I the diagnosis was shell shock, and in World War II it was called battle fatigue or combat exhaustion.In modem engagements such as Operation Iraqi granting immunity (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), symptoms of PTSD are denoted acute stress, perhaps in an effort to reduce stigma among deployed troops. Whatever its appellation, it is deemed a signature wound of the Iraq and Afghanistan engagement veterans. Therefore, military personnel are among the most at-risk populations for exposure to traumatic events and the development of PTSD. Ethnic minority Veterans may be more likely to disclose problems or engage in treatment when paired with a clinician of the same race (Loo, 2007). contempt scan differences, the trend suggests that being an ethnic minority may cause one to be more at risk for PTSD (Loo, 2007). The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study found differences among Hispanic, African American, and White Vietnam theater Veterans in terms of readjustment after military service (Loo, 2007). Both Hispanic and African American male Vie tnam theater Veterans had higher order of PTSD than Whites (Loo, 2007). Rates of menstruum PTSD in the 1990 study were 28% among Hispanics, 21% among African Americans, and 14% among Whites (Loo, 2007).African Americans had greater exposure to war stresses and had more predisposing factors than Whites, which appeared to account for their higher rate of PTSD (Loo, 2007). The difference in rates of PTSD between Hispanics and Whites remained even after controlling for the fact that Hispanics had greater exposure to war stresses (Loo, 2007). Rates of PTSD among American Indian Vietnam Veterans ranged from 22% to 25% (depending on the tribe) (Loo, 2007). American Indians were exposed to greater war zone stresses (e. g. atrocities, violence, and combat) than Whites, including psychological conflict firmness of purposeing from identification with the enemy (Loo, 2007). Differences in PTSD rates between American Indians and Whites disappeared after controlling for the greater war zone st resses experienced by American Indians (Loo, 2007). Unfortunately, there continues to be an ongoing supply of combat- traumatized soldiers to study. As noted by Coleman (2006), war is a disease that kills and maims, not just by tearing apart soldiers bodies, but also by ravaging their minds.As the coupled States continues a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is also coming to grips with one of the products of war at home a new generation of troubled veterans. Hoge, Auchterlonie, and Milliken (2006) emphasize that research with ready duty personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan suggests that this new generation of veterans has high levels of PTSD and related mental health symptoms. Studies are demonstrating that troops who serve in current conflicts are experiencing PTSD and other mental health problems on a scale not seen since the war in Vietnam (Robinson, 2004).PTSD prevalence is widely disputed in medical literature, particularly its predominance among military personnel. However, approximately 8% of the general population meets criteria for PTSD during their lifetime. PTSD Stressors in the general public are often the result of a traumatic event (violent crime, accident, etc. ). With regard to military personnel, the range of estimates is widePTSD is the most prevalent mental health disorder among deployed service members, and affects roughly 5 to 15% of service members, depending on who is assessed and when they are assessed. From October 2001 to April 2008, approximately 1. 4 million U. S. troops had been deployed in OEF/OIF engagements. As of October 2009, more than 2 million men and women had shouldered the deployments, with 793,000 of them deploying more than once. Nearly 40% of OEF/OIF veterans had multiple deployments, and multiple combat exposures. Even at the low end, a 5% incidence of PTSD among deployed veterans would equal 100,000 OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD. However, this 5% is questionable on broader assessment, and most likely an unde restimate. Using Veterans Affairs (VA) data, 23% of OEF/OIF veterans seen at the VA received a preliminary diagnosis of accomplishable PTSD.Further analysis of the same data shows that only half of these PTSD patients had approved PTSD claims. Therefore, about 50% of OEF/OIF veteran patients receiving treatment for PTSD from the VA were not receiving compensation, and wherefore are likely undercounted as victims of PTSD. In addition, since approximately 40% of service members are still active on active duty, considering active duty military PTSD cases is also instinctive. Surveys of deployed Army soldiers and Marines show between 14% and 17% met screening criteria for PTSD while they were deployed between 2003 and 2006.This data lends additional support to the mesmerism that the estimate of 5% prevalence of PTSD is empirically low. The United States has incurred massive human and financial expenditures by means of its involvement in Iraq. It is estimated that total spending on t he Iraq war will cost the United States up to $3 trillion to fund current military operations along with the expenses of paying the long-term baulk costs of injure military personnel, death benefits sent to the families of those killed in Iraq, and interest fees paid by the United States Treasury to borrow money to fund current expenditures (Bilmes Stiglitz, 2008).The National Center for PTSD embraces the customary treatment strategy for PTSD as being symptom logically based. As such, individuals diagnosed with depression and anxiety receives pharmacological treatment, in addition to the use of cognitive behavior therapy to help individuals with cognitive deficits (Summerall, 2008). Cognitive behavior therapy usually includes education regarding the stress response and relaxation techniques in efforts to enable the individual to exercise control over the extreme physical reaction to PTSD triggers and engage completely in therapy, overcoming avoidance symptoms.Case management, psyc hosocial rehabilitation, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy are all viable components and options regarding treatment and care provision for individuals who have incurred PTSD (Kennedy et al. , 2007). When it comes to medication management, special attention should be paid to possible drug interactions in individuals diagnosed with PTSD. These individuals may be taking medications for various symptoms such as pain, insomnia, and dizziness, in addition to surgery-associated anesthesia and antibiotics.Fluid changes resulting from procedural treatment of burns, amputations, wounds or internal organ injuries can dramatically affect the action and interaction of drugs. Moreover, individuals with PTSD may be hypersensitive to medicinal effects and corresponding side effect. Medications have proved reformative to treat depression, seizures, and agitation among persons with PTSD (Perna, Rouselle, Brennan, 2003).However, antipsychotic medications should be used with caution given their pot ential to increase negative neurobehavioural symptoms (Rosenthal Ricker, 2000). Impaired recall and attentiveness resulting from PTSD can also complicate medication management, as an individual may have difficulty accurately following dosage recommendations (Kennedy et al. , 2007). Furthermore, New Treatment Modalities allow the need to meet the unique needs of military personnel with PTSD, the United States Government is exploring a variety of new treatment models.For example, the Office of Naval question funded a $4 million project in 2005 to study the efficacy of virtual reality treatments for PTSD, which is being tested in universities and military installations across the United States (Bergfeld, 2006). This treatment involves the person experiencing virtual reality situations (i. e. , guiding them through a military compound in Fallujah or going on patrol through homes of Iraq citizens). The therapist monitors the veterans responses (e. g. , breathing, sweating) and then te aches the veteran how to remain calm and composed through the use of meditation.The hope is that that the client can generalize this acquisition to prospective high stress situations in the real world (Bergfeld), ultimately leading to a reduction in the occurrence of PTSD symptoms. PTSD can make somebody hard to be with living with someone who is easily startled, has nightmares, and often avoids social situations can take a toll on the most caring family (U. S. plane section of Veteran Affairs, 2010). Family member may feel hurt, alienate, or discouraged because your loved one has not been able to overcome the effects of the trauma (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2010). Social support is extremely important for preventing and helping with PTSD, it is important for family members to take care of themselves both for their own good and t help the person dealing with PTSD (U. S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2010). Veterans with PTSD and their families can access several other r esources associated with rehabilitative assistance. Active duty service members and their families are eligible to utilize health care services through Tricare, or Triwest depending on geographic region.Services are available on base from military providers, as well as through private care providers who require a co-payment. Also available to active duty members is Military OneSource, which provides a maximum of hexad free counseling sessions for service members and their families. Military OneSource has licensed counselors available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and also serves as informational resources, addressing topics such as relocation and finances (Fairweather Garcia, 2007). Veterans with PTSD often have other types of problems (U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010).They might have other stress, medical or mental health problems. sometimes PTSD is overlooked when other problems seem very pressing (U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010). In Addition, a numbe r of community organizations have been established to assist veterans and their families with adjustments to unremarkable living brought about by combat incurred injuries such as PTSD. Swords to Plowshares, Veterans for America, and Veterans and Families exemplify groups that offer a wide range of information, resources and services (Fairweather Garcia, 2007).The Marine Corps familiarity Services, The Coming Home Project, Operation First Response are some of the Internet-based health, family, employment and education, and benefit, advocacy, and general resources to meet the needs of veterans with PTSD and their families compiled from research (Fairweather and Garcia (2007, Yeoman, 2008). According to the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the VA provides nearly 200 specialized PTSD treatment programs referral is usually needed (U. S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2010).Each PTSD program offers education, evaluation, and treatment, some of the program services include One to one mental assessment and testing, medicines, one to one psychotherapy and also family therapy, and group therapy which covers topics such as anger and stress, combat support, partners or groups for Veterans of special conflicts (U. S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2010). The VA also offers specialized outpatient PTSD programs (SOPPs) and specialized intensive PTSD programs (SIPPs).Congress has in fact passed some notable legislation aimed straight off at improving mental health care and quality of life for combat veterans (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012). TheCaregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010provides financial support for family members of injured veterans who are now responsible for caring for their loved ones who have returned with lifelong disabilities (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012). The VOW to Hire Heroes Actprovides tax credits for businesses hiring veterans and is an important step in working to lower the alarmingly high veterans unemployment rate (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012 ).TheCOMBAT PTSD Acthas died in two previous sessions of Congress and clay in committee in the current legislative session (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012). As it stands today, a veteran must be deemed to have had combat with the enemy to be entitled to compensation for mental health conditions (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012). What constitutes combat with the enemy is extremely vague, making it difficult for some veterans suffering from PTSD to have their injury accept by the VA (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012).The COMBAT PTSD Act would broaden the definition to include all veterans who served in a theater of combat operation during a time of war (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012). Civilian clinics and their physicians, who are responsible for treating combat stress-related injuries for themillions of veteranswho receive care outside of the VA system, would benefit greatly from additional training (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012). The inclusion of cognitive behavioral therapy in treatments covered by TRICARE for veterans diagnosed with TBI would improve the affordability of crucial rehabilitative care for thousands of veterans (Wilcox-Fogel, 2012).Reference Page Loo, C. (2007) PTSD Among Ethnic Minority Veterans retrieved from www. ptds. va. gov Soldiers Mental Health. Issues Controversies On Filen. pag. Issues Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 11 May 2007. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. http//www. 2facts. com/article/i1200260 U. S. Department of Veteran Affairs (2010) PTSD Programs in the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs. U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs Retrieved from www. ptsd. va. gov Wilcox-Fogel, N. (2012) Despite combat PTSD Act, congress is falling short in providing for veterans with PTSD retrieved from www. policymic. com

National academy of sciences Essay

I HAVE spared you, plain as I spared myself, an arithmetical consummation of my inquiry, exactly the data here cited instruct us that the speak to of the drug contend is more times more than disquietful, in all its manifestations, than would be the licensing of drugs combined with intensifier education of non-users and intensive education designed to warfaren those who taste with drugs.We have seen a substantial reduction in the use of tobacco over the last thirty years, and this is non because tobacco became illegal but because a sentient union began, in substantial numbers, to apprehend the high greet of tobacco to gentle health, even as, we dismiss assume, a growing number of Americans desist from practicing unsafe sex and using contaminate chivys in this age of AIDS.If 80 million Americans can experiment with drugs and resist addiction using info publicly available, we can reasonably hope that approximately the same number would resist the temptation to corrupt such(prenominal) drugs even if they were available at a federal drugstore at the mere cost of production. And added to the above is the point of civil justice. Those who suffer from the abuse of drugs have themselves to blame for it. This does not mean that ball club is absolved from active concern for their plight.It does mean that their plight is subordinate to the plight of those citizens who do not experiment with drugs but whose life, liberty, and property are substantially affected by the illegalization of the drugs sought after by the minority. I have not spoken of the cost to our partnership of the astonishing legal weapons available straightway to policemen and prosecutors of the punishment of forfeiture of ones home and property for violation of laws which, though designed to advance the war against drugs, could legally be used I am told by learned counsel as penalties for the fell of ones pets.I leave it at this, that it is outrageous to live in a society whose la ws tolerate sending young populate to life in prison because they grew, or distributed, a 12 ounces of ganja. I would hope that the good offices of your vital profession would mobilize at least to protest such excesses of wartime zeal, the legal equivalent of a My Lai massacre. And perhaps proceed to recommend the legalization of the sale of close to drugs, pull out to minors.2. Ethan A. Nadelmann We whileed to Mr.Nadelmann to pursue the inquiry. Formerly in the Political Science Department at Princeton, he is now the director of the Lindesmith Center, a drug-policy research institute in New York City. He is the author of Cops across Borders The inter studyization of U. S. Criminal Law Enforcement. THE essayists assembled here do not agree exactly on which aspect of the war on drugs is almost disgraceful, or on which alternative to our current policies is most desirable, but we do agree, as Mr.Buckley expected, on the following.The war on drugs has failed to accomplish its s tated objectives, and it cannot succeed so long as we proceed a free society, bound by our Constitution. Our banishmentist approach to drug control is responsible for most of the ills comm still associated with Americas drug problem. And some measure of legal availability and regulation is all important(p) if we are to quash significantly the negative consequences of both drug use and our drug-control policies.Proponents of the war on drugs localize on one manifest success The substantial decline during the 1980s in the number of Americans who consumed marijuana and cocaine. Yet that decline began well before the Federal authorities intensified its war on drugs in 1986, and it succeeded principally in reducing illicit drug use among middle-class Americans, who were least likely to give rise drug-related problems. Far more significant were the dramatic increases in drug- and prohibition-related disease, death, and crime.Crack cocaine as much a creature of prohibition as 180 -proof moonshine during alcohol prohibition became the drug of choice in most inner cities. AIDS spread rapidly among injecting drug addicts, their lovers, and their children, while government policies restricted the availability of light-headed syringes that might have stemmed the epidemic. And prohibition-related violence reached unprecedented levels as a new generation of Al Capones fightd for turf, killing not just one other but innocent bystanders, witnesses, and law-enforcement officials.There are several(prenominal) basic truths about drugs and drug policy which a growing number of Americans have come to acknowledge. 1. well-nigh people can use most drugs without doing much harm to themselves or everyone else, as Mr. Buckley reminds us, citing Professor Duke. solitary(prenominal) a tiny percentage of the 70 million Americans who have tried marijuana have gone(p) on to have problems with that or any other drug. The same is true of the tens of millions of Americans who h ave used cocaine or hallucinogens. Most of those who did have a problem at one time or another dont any more.That a few million Americans have serious problems with illicit drugs immediately is an issue meriting responsible national attention, but it is no reason to demonize those drugs and the people who use them. Were unlikely to evolve toward a more effective and humane drug policy unless we begin to veer the ways we think about drugs and drug control. Perspective can be had from what is truly the most permeant drug scandal in the United States the epidemic of undertreatment of pain. Addiction to (i. e., dependence on) opiates among the terminally ill is the tolerate course of medical treatment. The only reason for the failure to prescribe adequate doses of pain-relieving opiates is the opiaphobia that causes doctors to ignore the medical evidence, nurses to turn away from their patients cries of pain, and some patients themselves to elect to suffer debilitating and demoraliz ing pain rather than submit to a proper dose of drugs. The tendency to put anti-drug ideology ahead of compassionate treatment of pain is apparent in another area.Thousands of Americans now smoke marijuana for purely medical reasons among others, to ease the nausea of chemotherapy to reduce the pain of multiple sclerosis to alleviate the symptoms of glaucoma to improve appetite dangerously reduced from AIDS. They use it as an effective medicine, yet they are technically regarded as criminals, and every year many are jailed. Although more than 75 per cent of Americans believe that marijuana should be available legally for medical purposes, the Federal Government refuses to legalize access or even to sponsor research.2. Drugs are here to stay. The time has come to vehemence the concept of a drug-free society. We need to focus on learning to live with drugs in such a way that they do the least possible harm. So far as I can ascertain, the societies that have proved most successful in minimizing drug-related harm arent those that have sought to oust drugs, but those that have figured out how to control and manage drug use through community discipline, including the establishment of powerful social norms.That is precisely the challenge now confronting American society regarding alcohol How do we live with a very powerful and dangerous drug more powerful and dangerous than many illicit drugs that, we have learned, cannot be effectively prohibited? Virtually all Americans have used some psychoactive substance, whether caffeine or nicotine or marijuana. In many cases, the use of cocaine and heroin represents a form of self-medication against physical and emotional pain among people who do not have access to psychotherapy or Prozac.The market in illicit drugs is as great as it is in the inner cities because palliatives for pain and depression are harder to come by and because there are fewer economic opportunities that can compete with the profits of violating pr ohibition. 3. Prohibition is no way to run a drug policy. We learned that with alcohol during the for the first time third of this century and were probably wise enough as a society not to humble to repeat the mistake with nicotine. Prohibitions for kids make sense.Its reasonable to prohibit drug-related misbehavior that endangers others, such as driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs, or smoking in enclosed spaces. notwithstanding whatever its benefits in deterring some Americans from becoming drug abusers, Americas indiscriminate drug prohibition is responsible for too much crime, disease, and death to qualify as sensible policy. 4. There is a wide of the mark range of choice in drug-policy options between the free-market approach favored by Milton Friedman and Thomas Szasz, and the zero-tolerance approach of William Bennett.These options inclination under the concept of harm reduction. That concept holds that drug policies need to focus on reducing crime, whe ther engendered by drugs or by the prohibition of drugs. And it holds that disease and death can be diminished even among people who cant, or wont, stop taking drugs. This pragmatic approach is followed in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Australia, and parts of Germany, Austria, Britain, and a growing number of other countries. American drug warriors like to denigrate the Dutch, but the fact frame that Dutch drug policy has been dramatically more successful than U.S. drug policy.The average age of heroin addicts in the Netherlands has been increasing for almost a decade HIV rates among addicts are dramatically trim down than in the United States police dont waste resources on non-disruptive drug users but, rather, focus on major dealers or petty dealers who create public nuisances. The decriminalized cannabis markets are regulated in a quasi-legal fashion far more effective and inexpensive than the U. S. equivalent. The Swiss have embarked on a national experiment of prescribing her oin to addicts.The two-year-old plan, begun in Zurich, is designed to determine whether they can reduce drug- and prohibition-related crime, disease, and death by fashioning pharmaceutical heroin legally available to addicts at regulated clinics. The results of the experiment have been sufficiently back up that it is being extended to over a dozen Swiss cities. Similar experiments are being initiated by the Dutch and Australians. There are no good scientific or ethical reasons not to try a heroin-prescription experiment in the United States.Our Federal Government puts politics over science by ignoring extensive scientific evidence that sterile syringes can reduce the spread of AIDS. Connecticut permitted needle gross sales in drugstores in 1992, and the policy resulted in a 40 per cent decrease in needle sharing among injecting drug users, at no cost to taxpayers. We see similar foolishness when it comes to methadone. Methadone is to pass heroin more or less what nicotine chewin g-gum and skin patches are to cigarettes.Hundreds of studies, as well as a National Academy of Sciences report last year, have concluded that methadone is more effective than any other treatment in reducing heroin-related crime, disease, and death. In Australia and much of Europe, addicts who want to reduce or weaken their heroin use can obtain a prescription for methadone from a GP and change the prescription at a local pharmacy. In the United States, by contrast, methadone is available only at highly regulated and expensive clinics.